选区激光熔化制备颗粒增强金属基复合材料的研究进展  

Research Progress on Preparation of Particle Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites by Selective Laser Melting

作　　者：滕宝仁 黎振华[1] 李淮阳 杨睿 申继标 TENG Baoren;LI Zhenhua;LI Huaiyang;YANG Rui;SHEN Jibiao(School of Materials Science and Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学材料科学与工程学院,昆明650093

出　　处：《材料导报》2022年第2期138-143,共6页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51961017);云南省基础研究重点项目(202101AS070017)。

摘　　要：选区激光熔化是一种使用聚焦高能激光束熔化粉末,逐层叠加成形零件的增材制造方法。选区激光熔化可以直接制备复杂结构零件和实现近净成形,能够方便地通过粉末预混添加或原位反应实现颗粒增强金属基复合材料的控形控性,具有独特的技术优势,受到广泛关注。本文综述了选区激光熔化制备颗粒增强金属基复合材料的研究进展,总结了主要研究结果及存在的共性问题,并展望了选区激光熔化制备颗粒增强金属基复合材料的研究方向和发展趋势。通过总结分析,指出选区激光熔化制备颗粒增强金属基复合材料时,聚焦激光作用下形成的高温微小熔池凝固时间短,远远偏离平衡状态,凝固过程复杂,增强颗粒与基体间冶金反应剧烈,容易熔化、分解和溶解并对基体特性产生影响,进而影响成形后的复合材料的宏观形貌和组织、性能。除增强体成分、颗粒形貌与尺寸、体积分数外,复合材料的性能还受激光功率、扫描速度、扫描间距、粉层厚度、成形气氛等工艺参数的影响,粉末特性与工艺参数之间的交互作用复杂。因此,考察工艺参数与粉末特性之间的交互作用关系,系统研究增强体颗粒特性与成形工艺参数对复合材料宏观形貌、致密度、缺陷、组织和性能的影响规律,是实现复合材料组织结构设计和性能调控的基础。Selective laser melting is an additive manufacturing method which uses focused high-energy laser beam to melt powder and fabricates partslayer by layer.Selective laser melting can directly fabricate complex structural parts and realize near net shape.Selective laser melting hasa ttracted more and more attentions due to its special advantages in control of shape and property of particle reinforced metal matrix composites by powder pre-mixing or in-situ reaction.In this paper,research progress on preparation of particle reinforced metal matrix composites by selective laser melting is reviewed.Based on summarization of main results and problems in this field,research directions and development trends of particle reinforced metal matrix composites fabricated by selective laser melting are prospected.It is confirmed that the molten pool formed by focused laser with high temperature and short solidification time is far away from the equilibrium state,resulting in complex solidification process and violent metallurgical reaction between the reinforced particles and the matrix.The reinforced particles are easy to melt,decompose or dissolve into matrix during selective laser melting process,leading to characteristics changes of matrixes.Eventually,the microstructure and properties of the composites after forming are significantly influenced.Apart from composition,morphology,size and volume fraction of the particle reinforcements,the properties of composites are also affected by laser power,scanning speed,scanning spacing,powder layer thickness,forming atmosphere and other process parameters.Since interaction between powder properties and process parameters is complex,so it is extremely important to investigate the interaction between process parameters and powder characteristics and systematically study the influence of particle reinforcement characteristics and forming process parameters on the macro morphology,density,defects,microstructure and properties of the composites.Those studies are the basis for microstructure

关 键 词：选区激光熔化 颗粒增强 金属基复合材料 工艺参数 

分 类 号：TB331[一般工业技术—材料科学与工程]