凡纳滨对虾感染纤毛虫期间对环境因子的响应  

Response of environmental factors to litopenaeus vannamei infected with ciliates in freshwater culture

作　　者：石彭灵[1,2] 刘兰海 杨品红 徐大建[2] 罗德军 Shi Pengling;Liu Lanhai;Yang Pinhong;Xu Dajian;Luo Dejun(Hunan Provincial Aquatic Animal Resources and Ecological Environment Engineering Research Center,Hunan University of Arts and Science,Changde 415000,China;College of Animal Science and Technology,Hunan Agricultural University,Changsha 410128,China;Fumin Aquaculture Professional Cooperative of Li County,Changde 415000,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南文理学院湖南省水生动物资源与生态环境工程研究中心,湖南常德415000 [2]湖南农业大学动物科学技术学院,湖南长沙410128 [3]澧县福民水产养殖专业合作社,湖南常德415000

出　　处：《湖南文理学院学报（自然科学版）》2022年第1期26-30,74,共6页Journal of Hunan University of Arts and Science(Science and Technology)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(31600315);中国博士后科学基金项目(2017M612559);湖南省教育厅科学研究项目(17C1166);常德市科技计划项目(常财企指[2018]6号);湖南文理学院博士启动基金项目(16BSQD30)。

摘　　要：淡水养殖凡纳滨对虾为内陆居民获取新鲜海产品提供了很大便利,但是在海虾淡养的过程中,对虾对环境因子的波动非常敏感。为了探究凡纳滨对虾在感染纤毛虫时,对池水表层和底层的水温(WT),溶氧(DO),pH差异的敏感程度,本文对常德市西洞庭区凡纳滨对虾养殖基地4个发病池塘(A类池塘)和4个未发病池塘(B类池塘)进行连续监测。结果表明:20点至次日凌晨4点,池塘表层WT显著低于底层,表层pH和DO显著高于底层。20点A类和B类池塘表面游塘的对虾数量分别为17±3尾/m^(2)和4±1尾/m^(2);24点分别为11±3尾/m^(2)和2±1尾/m^(2);凌晨4点分别为3±1尾/m^(2)和0尾/m^(2);早晨8点均为0尾/m^(2)。通过T检验,发现在20点和24点,A类池塘中对虾游塘数量显著高于B类池塘。相关分析结果显示,A类池塘对虾游塘数量的对数lg(N_(A)+1)与lg(ΔDO_(A))、lg(ΔpH_(A))、lg(ΔWT_(A))呈显著正相关;B类池塘对虾游塘数量的对数lg(N_(B)+1)与lg(ΔpH_(B))、lg(ΔDO_(B))呈显著正相关。多元线性回归分析进一步确立了两类池塘中对虾游塘数量的对数与物理因子对数间的关系,A类池塘中,lg(NA+1)与lg(ΔDO_(A))、lg(ΔpH_(A))相关性高。纤毛虫病加剧了对虾对环境的不适反应,对表底层DO和pH差异更为敏感。本研究为探究凡纳滨对虾对环境因子表底层差值的响应,为环境控制和提前预防对虾应激提供依据。相对于正常池塘中的对虾,纤毛虫发病池塘中的对虾对该水温差异更为敏感。Freshwater culture of Litopenaeus vannamei provides great convenience for inland residents to obtain fresh seafood,however,Litopenaeus vannamei are sensitive to the fluctuation of environmental factors in the process of freshwater culture.Environmental factors in litopenaeus vannamei culture base in Xidongting District in Changde City are monitored,and it is found that litopenaeus vannamei is sensitive to water temperature(WT),dissolved oxygen(DO)and pH when they are infected with ciliates.Four pools which are infected with ciliates are defined as group A and the other four control pools are defined as group B.Significant differences were found in pH,WT and DO between surface and bottom layer of the 8 ponds from 20:00 to 4:00 on the next day.The number of litopenaeus vannamei which presented“floating head”in group A and group B respectively is 17±3 ind./m^(2)and 4±1 ind./m^(2)at 20:00,11±3 ind./m^(2)and 2±1 ind./m^(2)at 24:00,3±1 ind./m^(2)and 0 ind./m^(2)at 4:00,0 ind./m^(2)and 0 ind./m^(2)at 8:00.The results of correlation analysis show that the logarithm of number of litopenaeus vannamei which presented“floating head”is positively related to lg(ΔDO_(A)),lg(ΔpH_(A))and lg(ΔWT_(A))in group A but to that of lg(ΔpH_(B))and lg(ΔDO_(B))in group B.Ciliate aggravates the uncomfortable response of litopenaeus vannamei to the environment,and is more sensitive to the difference of do and pH in the surface and bottom layers.This study reveals the relationship between the logarithm of number of litopenaeus vannamei which presented“floating head”and the logarithm of environmental factors and provides evidences for the prevention of environmental stress in freshwater culture of litopenaeus vannamei.

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 淡化养殖 溶氧 温度 pH 应激 

分 类 号：S966.12[农业科学—水产养殖]