氮磷钾配施生物有机肥对旱作农业区玉米产量和品质的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Combined with Bio-organic Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Maize in Dry Farming Area

作　　者：陈鑫 张杰 刘燕燕[1,2] 武才女 马亚君 高芳芳 王琨 CHEN Xin;ZHANG Jie;LIU Yan-yan;WU Cai-nv;MA Ya-jun;GAO Fang-fang;WANG Kun(Modern College of Arts and Science Shanxi Normal University,Linfen 041000,China;College of Life Sciences/Shanxi Normal University,Linfen 041000,China;Shenchi County Science and Technology Service Center,Xinzhou 036100,China;The 24th Technique Extension Station of National Research and Extension Center of Microbial Fertilizer Technology,Linfen 041000,China)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学现代文理学院,山西临汾041000 [2]山西师范大学生命科学学院,山西临汾041000 [3]神池县科技服务中心,山西忻州036100 [4]国家微生物肥料技术研究推广中心第24号技术推广站,山西临汾041000

出　　处：《山东农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2021年第6期903-910,共8页Journal of Shandong Agricultural University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：山西师范大学现代文理学院基础研究项目(2020JCYJ16)。

摘　　要：为了探究增施生物有机肥对玉米产量和品质的影响,为旱区玉米的种植提供科学的施肥方案。以先锋6号玉米为试验材料,通过2018-2021年连续四年定位试验,研究在复合肥的基础上合理增施生物有机肥对玉米的产量、品质及经济效益的影响。结果表明,2018年和2019年的各试验组中T3组效果最好,其中土壤养分中有机质、全氮、速效磷、速效钾等指标较试验前分别增加了124.40%、56.40%、119.10%、39%和94%、64.10%、123.80%、44.90%;产量分别增加了13.70%和14.20%;淀粉、蛋白质和脂肪含量分别增加了2.81%、2.95%、13.17%、8.32%和8.08%、8.23%;总产值分别为29095.56元/hm^(2)和29651.04元/hm^(2),扣除玉米种子、肥料等,净利润最大的均为T2组,产量分别为11979.75 kg/hm^(2)和12152.15 kg/hm^(2),较CK组增加了12.40%和12.20%,总产值分别为28751.4元/hm^(2)和29165.16元/hm^(2)。2020年、2021年我们选择经济效益最高的T2组进行扩大面积示范种植进行验证,产量分别为13307.21 kg/hm^(2)和13433.37 kg/hm^(2),较CK组分别提高了33.43%和33.60%;净利润为27407.30元/hm^(2)和27710.10元/hm^(2),较CK组分别提高了31%和31.31%。结合玉米产量、农民纯收入等方面考虑施用复合肥600 kg/hm^(2),生物有机肥1200 kg/hm^(2)的T2组是最佳施肥方式,适宜大面积推广种植,同时为旱区玉米种植施肥习惯做出理论性指导。In this paper, the Xianfeng No. 6 Maize was used as the test material to carry out the positioning test in 2018 to 2021 for four consecutive years. On the basis of compound fertilizer, the purpose of this study is to explore the increase of bio-organic fertilizer application on yield and quality of maize, and to provide scientific fertilizer scheme for sustainable and high quality production of local maize planting in arid area. The results showed that T3 group had the best effect among all the experimental groups in 2018 and 2019. Compared with that before the test, its organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil nutrients increased by 124.40%, 56.40%, 119.10%, 39% and 94%, 64.10%,123.80%, 44.90% respectively. The yield increased by 13.70% and 14.20% respectively. The content of starch, protein and fat increased by 2.81%, 2.95%, 13.17%, 8.32%, 8.08% and 8.23% respectively. The total output value per hectare was29095.56 yuan and 29651.04 yuan respectively. After deducting the production costs of corn seeds, compound fertilizer and bio-organic fertilizer, T2 group remained the largest net profit with the yield per hectare was 11979.80 kg and 12152.20 kg respectively, which was 12.40% and 12.20% higher than CK group. The total output value was 28751.4 yuan and 29165.16 yuan respectively. In 2020 and 2021, the T2 group with the highest economic benefit was selected for demonstration planting with expanded area for verification. The yield per hectare was 13307.21 kg and 13433.37 kg respectively, which increased by 33.43% and 33.60% compared with the CK group;the net profit per hectare was 27407.30 yuan and 27710.10 yuan, which were 31% and 31.31% higher than the CK group. Therefore, taking the yield of maize and farmer’s net income into consideration, the T2 group should be planted widespread, which employed compound fertilizer 600 kg/hm^(2)and bio-organic fertilizer 1200 kg/hm^(2)is the best fertilization method and suitable for large-scale, and provides theoretical guidanc

关 键 词：混合肥 玉米 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S147.34[农业科学—肥料学]