秦岭太白山不同海拔锐齿栎林土壤微生物群落的变化特征  

Structure Characteristics of Soil Microbial Community in Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata Forests at Different Altitudes in Qinling Mountains

作　　者：李益 冯秀秀 赵发珠 郭垚鑫[4] 王俊[1,2] 任成杰 Li Yi;Feng Xiuxiu;Zhao Fazhu;Guo Yaoxin;Wang Jun;Ren Chengjie(Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Earth Surface System and Environmental Carrying Capacity,Xi’an 710127;College of Urban and Environmental Sciences,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127;College of Agronomy,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100;College of Life Sciences,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127)

机构地区：[1]陕西省地表系统与环境承载力重点实验室,西安710127 [2]西北大学城市与环境学院,西安710127 [3]西北农林科技大学农学院,杨凌712100 [4]西北大学生命科学学院,西安710127

出　　处：《林业科学》2021年第12期22-31,共10页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：青海省2021年度第一批中央引导地方科技发展专项(2021ZY002);教育部“春晖计划”合作科研项目。

摘　　要：【目的】研究秦岭太白山锐齿栎林4种不同海拔土壤微生物多样性及群落组成特征,以期阐明同一植被类型土壤微生物群不同海拔的变化规律及驱动因素。【方法】在秦岭太白山4个海拔梯度(1361.6、1524.2、1630.5和1769.3 m),选取排水较好、坡度较缓、长势适中的3个锐齿栎林标准样地(20 m×20 m),于2016年8月,用“S”型方法于每块样地进行0~10 cm土层的混合取样,利用高通量测序技术测定土壤微生物群落多样性及组成。【结果】1)不同海拔梯度的锐齿栎林土壤细菌多样性(α多样性和β多样性)变化显著,但真菌多样性无显著变化。2)在细菌群落组成中,随海拔升高,放线菌的相对丰度显著降低,而变形菌和疣微菌的相对丰度显著增加,绿弯菌、芽单胞菌和硝化螺旋菌的相对丰度呈先增后降的变化;其他细菌类群如酸杆菌和浮霉菌的相对丰度呈不显著降低。在真菌群落组成中,作为2个优势菌门的担子菌和子囊菌的相对丰度随海拔增加的变化不显著。3)细菌多样性与土壤有机碳(SOC)含量、全氮(TN)含量、C∶P和N∶P显著正相关,其群落组成对海拔梯度的响应差异主要取决于土壤密度、温度、SOC、C∶P和TN;真菌群落多样性及组成受土壤养分差异的影响较小。在植被相同但海拔不同的条件下,受气候及土壤养分的差异影响,细菌群落特征较真菌群落的变化明显。【结论】秦岭太白山锐齿栎林土壤细菌和真菌多样性沿海拔梯度呈先增后减的变化趋势。海拔对细菌群落的影响大于真菌群落。研究结果揭示了秦岭暖温带森林生态系统土壤微生物群落结构和组成的变化特征及影响因素,从而为深入理解森林生态系统土壤有机碳分解的微生物机制提供科学依据。【Objective】This paper aims to study the dynamic changes and driving factors of soil microbial diversity and community composition in Quercus aliena var.acuteserrata forests at different altitudes in Qinling Mountains.【Method】This experiment was conducted in Mount Taibai of Qinling Mountains with four elevations of 1361.6,1524.2,1630.5 and 1769.3 m,at which three standard plots(20 m×20 m)were set in Q.aliena var.acuteserrata forests with good drainage,gentle slope and moderate growth.In August 2016,mixed sampling was carried out in 0-10 cm soil layers by the“S”type method,and then the diversity and composition of soil microbial community were determined by high-throughput sequencing technique.【Result】1)In Q.aliena var.acuteserrata forest,diversity(αdiversity andβdiversity)of soil bacteria had significant changes at different elevational gradients,but there was no significant change in diversity of soil fungi.2)In the composition of bacterial community,the relative abundance of Actinobacteria decreased significantly with the increase of elevation,while that of Proteobacteria and Verrucomicrobia increased significantly.The relative abundance of Chloroflexi,Gemmatimonadetes and Nitrospirae showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing;and that of other bacterial taxa such as Acidobacteria and Planctomycetes showed a decreasing trend along the increase of elevation,but there was no significant difference between different elevations.In the composition of fungal community,the relative abundance of Basidiomycota and Ascomycota,two dominant phyla,did not change significantly with the increase of elevation.3)Bacterial diversity was significantly positively correlated with soil organic carbon(SOC),total nitrogen(TN),C∶P and N∶P,and the response of bacterial community composition to elevational gradient was mainly determined by soil bulk density,soil temperature,SOC,C∶P and TN.Fungal diversity was only significantly negatively correlated with soil moisture,and its community composition was

关 键 词：森林生态系统 海拔梯度 锐齿栎林 Illumina测序 土壤微生物群落 土壤养分 

分 类 号：Q931[生物学—微生物学] S714.3[农业科学—林学]