祖荫竞赛:理解中国农村宗族运行的一个中观机制  

Zuyin Competition: A Meso-mechanism to Understand the Operation of Rural Clans in China

作　　者：向勇 XIANG Yong

机构地区：[1]南开大学马克思主义学院,天津300350

出　　处：《华中农业大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期149-161,共13页Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金重大研究专项“建设具有强大凝聚力和引领力的社会主义意识形态研究”(18VZT004);国家社会科学基金项目“共享发展理念下的精准扶贫机制创新研究”(16BKS061)。

摘　　要：基于四川宜宾、江西赣州、河南驻马店三地农村宗族实践的多案例考察,探讨当前中国农村宗族运行的实然状态。研究发现,流动与分化背景下的农村宗族运行呈现出"祖荫竞赛"的实践逻辑。随着农民理性扩张与劳动力价值显化,农民意义世界中的"祖荫想象"出现明显的市场转向;比较与竞争的意识日益嵌入血缘亲情,以"己"为单位纵向历时、横向共时的"祖荫竞争"成为中国农民意义世界竞争的主要内容。在此过程中,承载祖荫符号的"事件"成为当下农村宗族运行的基础载体,"事件团结"机制周期性激活血缘关系网络,为民间信仰公共性再生产创造契机;作为"祖荫竞赛"稳定参与主体的"中坚族人"及影响"中坚族人"规模的本地经济机会,则直接影响着本地宗族秩序与"祖荫竞赛"烈度。随着"祖荫竞赛"的日益普遍化,引导农村宗族正向发展应成为新时代健全"三治融合"乡村治理体系关注的重点。Based on the multi-case study of rural clan practice in Sichuan, Jiangxi and Henan province, this paper discusses the current situation of rural clans in China. This study found that under the background of rural social mobility and stratum differentiation in China’s modernization, the operation of rural clans presents the practical logic of Zuyin competition. With the expansion of individual economic rationality, the Zuyin imagination in the peasants’ world of meaning has an obvious marketing trend. The awareness of comparison and competition is gradually embedded in kinship, and with “self” as the unit the vertical diachronic and horizontal synchronic Zuyin competition has become the main content of competition in the peasants’ world of meaning in China. In this process, the clan event carrying the Zuyin symbol has become the basic carrier of the current rural clan operation, and the mechanism of “event solidarity” periodically activates the network of blood relations, creating opportunities for the communal reproduction of folk beliefs. The mainstay clansman, which is the main stable participant in the Zuyin competition, and the local economic opportunities that affect the size of the clansman, directly affect the local clan order and the intensity of Zuyin competition.With the increasing prevalence of Zuyin competition, guiding the positive development of rural clans should become the focus to improve the rural governance system of three governance integration in the new era.

关 键 词：祖荫竞赛 农村宗族 事件团结 祖荫想象 中坚族人 

分 类 号：C911[经济管理]