地震易发区高校避震疏散空间需求与路径优化  

Space Requirements and Routes Optimization of Earthquake-Proof Evacuation on University Campus in Earthquake-Prone Zones

作　　者：张佳瑜 赵小勇[1] 白林波 王勇[1] 郑芳 Zhang Jiayu;Zhao Xiaoyong;Bai Linbo;Wang Yong;Zheng Fang(School of Geography and Planning,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学地理科学与规划学院,银川750021

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（地球科学版）》2022年第1期305-314,共10页Journal of Jilin University：Earth Science Edition

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(2020AAC03053,2021AAC03087);宁夏高等学校自然科学项目(NGY2020012);国家自然科学基金地区基金项目(41961028,42061047)。

摘　　要：地震易发区存在严重的震灾威胁,科学优化地震易发区不同人口聚集区的避震疏散具有保障人民生命财产安全的重要意义。大学的教学、科研和生活区别于中小学,是一种特殊的人口聚集区。以宁夏大学为例,通过实地调查、资料和影像数据统计,运用GIS进行数据处理和分析,对避震疏散空间需求及路径进行优化。研究表明:在大学校园避震疏散时,可确定广场、草地和操场等开敞空间为避震场所;在避震空间容量约束下,可以通过优化后的区位配置(location allocation,LA)模型将校园避难人员分配到避震场所;应根据需求点和避震场所的空间分布,避让危险区域、避免人群相向移动建立避震路线;避震空间分布不平衡会导致无法快速有效避难。建议在人口高聚集处应增加可用于避震的开敞空间以加强疏散效率;为更好地发挥其避震作用,可将大学校园设置成中长期的避震场所。There is a serious threat of earthquake disaster in earthquake-prone areas.Campus is an important place for talent training and population gathering.In earthquake-prone areas,earthquake prevention and disaster reduction are particularly urgent and necessary through earthquake evacuation planning and design.In order to improve the efficiency of earthquake evacuation and reduce the evacuation injury,we analyzed the evacuation demand based on the spatial layout and population aggregation on the campus,and studied the optimization from the two aspects of evacuation space demand and evacuation route by using GIS spatial analysis technology by taking Ningxia University as the research area.The open space such as square,grass,and playground can be determined as earthquake emergency shelters.Under the constraints of shelter’s capacity,the optimized LA(location allocation) model can be used to allocate the campus evacuees to the shelters.According to the spatial distribution of earthquake shelters,the seismic routes were established by avoiding dangerous areas and people moving disorderly.The imbalance of the spatial distribution of shelters will lead to evacuation failure.We suggest that the emergency signs should be more visible in the campus to improve the identification of evacuation passages,and the open space near the shelter demand points(such as dormitory buildings) should be increased such as grasslands or squares with their landscape functions,so that people can quickly move to the shelter in an event of disaster.

关 键 词：避震疏散 大学校园 LA模型 疏散空间需求 疏散路径 地震易发区 

分 类 号：P315.9[天文地球—地震学]