硬粒小麦与粗山羊草人工合成六倍体冬小麦新种质研究  

Study on New Germplasm of Hexaploid Winter Wheat Synthesized by Triticum durum and Ageilops tauschii

作　　者：左静静 闫贵云 王敏[1] 左敏 ZUO Jingjing;YAN Guiyun;WANG Min;ZUO Min(College of Agriculture,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taiyuan 030031,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,山西太原030031

出　　处：《山西农业科学》2022年第1期22-27,共6页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山西省专利推广实施资助专项(20210511);山西农业大学农学院青年基金项目(ZQ2003)。

摘　　要：为了丰富小麦遗传多样性,解决目前人工合成小麦中成胚成苗率低、遗传信息有限,以及不适合冬麦区种植等问题,以越冬性较好的硬粒小麦(AABB)为母本、粗山羊草(DD)为父本进行杂交,获得单倍体幼胚,经幼胚拯救、春化、染色体加倍,人工合成六倍体小麦(AABBDD)。杂交时采用分批播种,授粉后剪穗实验室培养,并根据合成胚的状态随时调整培养基。结果表明,染色体加倍时采用分阶段半根加倍法更容易获得健壮苗,杂交胚的平均成胚率为69.07%,平均成苗率为55.08%,合成小麦的染色体加倍率为85.40%。利用硬粒小麦与粗山羊草人工合成六倍体冬小麦的方法大大提高了合成麦的成胚成苗率,并保证了遗传的多样性。To enrich the genetic diversity of wheat, solve the problems of low embryo and seedling rate, limited genetic information and unsuitable for planting in winter wheat area, immature haploid embryos(n=21, ABD)were obtained by crossing Triticum durum(2 n=28, AABB)as the female parent and Ageilops tauschii(2 n=14, DD)as the male parent. Hexaploid wheat(AABBDD)was synthesized by immature embryo rescue, vernalization and chromosome doubling. During hybridization, the seeds were sown in batches, the ears were cut after pollination, and the culture medium was adjusted at any time according to the state of synthetic embryos. The results showed that it was easier to obtain healthy seedlings by using the method of half-root doubling in stages when the embryos were doubled. The average survival rate of embryos was 69.07%, the average survival rate of plantlets was55.08%and the average rate of chromosome doubling of synthetic wheat by crossing Triticum durum with Ageilops tauschii was85.40%. The method of synthesizing hexaploid winter wheat by Triticum durum and Ageilops tauschii greatly improved the embryo and seedling rate of synthetic wheat and ensured the genetic diversity.

关 键 词：硬粒小麦 粗山羊草 合成小麦 染色体加倍 冬性合成小麦 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]