秸秆与缓控释肥配施对双季稻田氨挥发的控制效果  

Effects of controlled release fertilizer combined with rice straw on ammonia volatilization from double cropping rice fields

作　　者：肖其亮 朱坚 彭华[2,3,4,5] 简燕 纪雄辉[1,2,3,4,5] XIAO Qiliang;ZHU Jian;PENG Hua;JIAN Yan;JI Xionghui(Longping Branch of Graduate School of Hunan University,Changsha 410125,China;Hunan Institute of Agri-Environment and Ecology,Changsha 410125,China;Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agri-Environment in the Middle Reach Plain of Yangtze River,Changsha 410125,China;Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Prevention,Control and Remediation of Soil Heavy Metal Pollution,Changsha 410125,China;Hunan Dongting Lake Basin Engineering Research Center for Agricultural Non-point Source Pollution Control,Changsha 410125,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南大学研究生院隆平分院,长沙410125 [2]湖南省农业环境生态研究所,长沙410125 [3]农业部长江中游平原农业环境重点实验室,长沙410125 [4]农田土壤重金属污染防控与修复湖南省重点实验室,长沙410125 [5]湖南省洞庭湖流域农业面源污染防治工程技术研究中心,长沙410125

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2021年第12期2788-2800,共13页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0800501)。

摘　　要：为减少双季稻田氨(NH_(3))挥发损失,以农民常规施肥采取的尿素一次性表施(CF)为对照,在氮肥深施条件下,设置秸秆还田(R_(1))、秸秆移除(R_(0))两种水稻秸秆利用方式和常规尿素(CU)、包膜尿素减量(PU)、控释尿素减量(LU)3种不同施肥模式,研究了在双季稻种植模式下深施、秸秆利用方式及施肥模式对稻田田面水氮浓度、pH值及NH_(3)挥发损失的影响。结果表明:早、晚稻NH_(3)挥发均主要发生在施肥后一周,且晚稻NH_(3)挥发量远大于早稻。不同施肥处理双季稻NH_(3)挥发总量依次为CF>CUR_(0)>CUR_(1)>LUR_(0)>LUR_(1)>PUR_(0)>PUR_(1);秸秆利用方式显著影响NH_(3)挥发,但对田面水氮素浓度影响较小。与R_(0)处理相比,R_(1)处理NH_(3)挥发显著降低了8.67%;施肥模式显著影响NH_(3)挥发和田面水氮素浓度。与CU处理相比,PU和LU处理NH_(3)挥发分别显著降低了75.68%和39.14%;秸秆利用方式与施肥管理交互作用显著,其中R_(1)与PU结合效果最佳,PUR_(1)处理较PUR_(0)处理可降低15.07%的NH_(3)挥发。研究表明,适当降低施氮水平,采取包膜尿素深施并搭配秸秆还田的施肥管理模式,是具环境友好性的氮肥管理模式。This study evaluated seven treatments to reduce ammonia(NH_(3))volatilization in double-cropping rice fields.These included two straw utilization methods[straw returning(R_(1))and straw removal(R_(0))]and three deep fertilization modes[conventional urea(CU),coated urea reduction(PU),and controlled urea reduction(LU)].Conventional fertilization[surface application of urea(CF)]was used as a control.The effects of deep fertilization,straw utilization,and fertilization modes on surface water nitrogen concentrations,pH,and NH_(3)volatilization dynamics were investigated.Results of the study show that NH_(3)volatilization from early and late rice fields occurred primarily within one week of fertilization.Moreover,late rice fields exhibited considerably large NH_(3)volatilization than early rice fields.Total NH_(3)volatilization rates from treatment combinations of CF,CUR_(0),CUR_(1),PUR_(0),PUR_(1),LUR_(0),and LUR_(1)in double-cropping rice fields are:CF>CUR_(0)>CUR_(1)>LUR_(0)>LUR_(1)>PUR_(0)>PUR_(1).Straw returning significantly affected NH_(3)volatilization,but had a negligible effect on nitrogen concentrations in field water.Compared to the R_(0)treatment,the NH_(3)volatilization with the R_(1)treatment was measurably reduced(by 8.67%).The fertilization mode significantly affects NH_(3)volatilization and nitrogen concentration in field water.Compared with the CU treatment,the NH_(3)volatilization from the PU and LU treatments was substantially reduced(by 75.68%and 39.14%,respectively).Moreover,there was a significant interaction between the straw returning method and fertilization mode.The combination of R_(1)and PU produced the best results.Compared to the PUR_(0)treatment,the PUR_(1)treatment reduced NH_(3)volatilization by 15.07%.Results suggested that the combination of reduced nitrogen fertilizer,deep fertilization of coated urea,and straw returning is an effective and environmentally friendly strategy for nitrogen management in double-cropping rice production.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 缓释肥 控释肥 双季稻 氨挥发 田面水 

分 类 号：S511.42[农业科学—作物学]