高投入菜地土壤磷累积、损失特征及阻控措施的研究进展  

Research Progresses on Characteristics of Phosphorus Accumulation and Loss,as well as Loss Control Measures in High Input Vegetable Fields

作　　者：王瑞 仲月明 李慧敏 施卫明[1] 李奕林[1] WANG Rui;ZHONG Yueming;LI Huimin;SHI Weiming;LI Yilin(State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture,Institute of Soil Science,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing210008,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]土壤与农业可持续发展国家重点实验室(中国科学院南京土壤研究所),南京210008 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《土壤》2021年第6期1115-1124,共10页Soils

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200208)资助。

摘　　要：“大肥大水”已经成为我国蔬菜种植体系的生产特征,这种生产方式导致大量磷流失到环境中,通过地表径流和地下淋溶导致水体富营养化。目前菜地因其在农田磷污染排放中的占比最高已成为种植业磷损失的优先阻控对象。该研究在明确菜地磷赋存形态特征的基础上,针对露天及设施菜地磷损失特征包括损失途径及其影响因素,综述目前一些减少潜在磷污染负荷的源头管理措施、控制磷的迁移过程的生态工程措施以及末端治理,同时评价其在菜地磷污染阻控中的效果。这些研究进展增强了对菜地磷循环的理解,摸清高投入生产系统磷链条当中磷下游损失排放特征,为有效阻控磷肥损失、实现蔬菜产业绿色可持续发展提供理论参考。The significant features of the current vegetable production system are massive phosphate fertilizer application and flood irrigation,which causes a large amount of phosphorus(P)into the environment,further,causing water eutrophication through surface runoff and leaching.At present,vegetable fields have become the priority objects of prevention and control of P loss in the planting industry because of the highest proportion of P pollution emissions from vegetable fields.The study was to clarify P morphology features in vegetable fields,distinguish P loss ways and the influencing factors in open and greenhouse vegetable fields,summarize some current source management measures to reduce potential P pollution load,process monitoring measures to P loss by ecological engineering,as well as end of pipe control and evaluate the effects of these measures on preventing and controlling P losses in vegetable fields.These research advances have strengthened the understanding of P cycle in vegetable fields,clarified the characteristics of P loss and emission in the downstream of P chain in high input production systems,and provided theoretical references for effectively preventing P loss and achieving green and sustainable development of the vegetable industry.

关 键 词：磷 菜地 淋溶 径流 阻控措施 

分 类 号：X522[环境科学与工程—环境工程] S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]