静电纺PVA基纤维空气过滤膜制备及过滤性能研究  

Studies on the preparation of electrospun PVA-based fiber air filtrationmembrane and its filtration performance

作　　者：路明磊 张倩[5] 吴立涛 王雪芳 黄晓卫 宁新 明津法[1,2,3,4] LU Minglei;ZHANG Qian;WU Litao;WANG Xuefang;HUANG Xiaowei;NING Xin;MING Jinfa(College of Textile&Clothing,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,China;Industrial Research Institute of Nonwovens&Technical Textiles,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,China;Shandong Center for EngineeredNonwovens,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,China;State Key Laboratory of Bio-Fibers and Eco-Textiles,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266071,China;Women and Children’s Hospital,Qingdao University,Qingdao 266034,China)

机构地区：[1]青岛大学纺织服装学院,青岛266071 [2]青岛大学非织造材料与产业用纺织品创新研究院,青岛266071 [3]青岛大学山东省特型非织造材料工程研究中心,青岛266071 [4]青岛大学生物多糖纤维成形与生态纺织国家重点实验室,青岛266071 [5]青岛大学附属妇女儿童医院,青岛266034

出　　处：《丝绸》2022年第1期46-50,共5页Journal of Silk

基　　金：生物多糖纤维成形与生态纺织国家重点实验室课题项目(RZ2000003348)。

摘　　要：以聚乙烯醇(PVA)和铝盐为纺丝原料,本文采用静电纺丝技术制备PVA基复合纤维空气过滤膜,通过调整纺丝液中PVA、铝盐浓度等实现膜内纤维形貌、直径和孔隙率等优化,并采用扫描电镜、过滤效率测试仪等对纤维膜的结构、性能进行研究。研究结果发现,纺丝液质量分数的变化对纺丝形成的纤维形貌和直径影响显著;随着纺丝液中PVA和氯化铝(AlCl_(3))质量分数的增加,纤维树枝状形貌愈发明显;不同类型铝盐对PVA基复合纤维直径影响较大,但结晶度影响较小。此外,PVA/AlCl_(3)纤维膜的油性过滤效率最高,为97.20%,压降为24 Pa,表现出高效低阻性能,适于在空气过滤领域应用。The development of functional air filter materials with high efficiency and low resistance has become the research focus of electrospun nanofiber filter materials.Electrospinning endows the fiber with the characteristics of small diameter,large specific surface area,high porosity and excellent hole connectivity,and high-efficiency filtration can be realized by virtue of the dual effects of physical interception and electrostatic adsorption.However,due to the low strength and vulnerability of electrospun fiber membrane,formed nonwovens are often used as the receiving substrates for the production of filter materials with diameter gradient and material structure gradient,thereby enhancing the comprehensive performance of the filter material.Polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)is a water-soluble polymer material.Its excellent hydrophilicity may affect the electrostatic charge accumulation in PVA material,and then affect its electrostatic adsorption capacity.Therefore,the application of PVA nanofiber membrane is limited in the field of air filtration.In this paper,aluminum salt is used as an additive to improve the water repellency of nanofibers through the electronic interaction between Al^(3+)and oxygen atoms in PVA molecules.PVA based composite nanofiber is prepared by electrospinning technology.The influence of PVA concentration,aluminum salt content and types on the morphology,structure and properties of the composite fiber is discussed.At the same time,filtration efficiency of fiber filter membrane is characterized to analyze the feasibility of its application in the field of air filtration.The results show that:1)Fiber air filtration membranes with different morphologies and structures are obtained by adjusting the PVA concentration and aluminum salt concentration in the spinning solution through electrospinning technology.When the aluminum salt concentration in the spinning solution is 20.0%,the pore diameter in the fiber air filtration membrane is the smallest,which can help improve the filtration efficiency of the fiber

关 键 词：聚乙烯醇 空气过滤 静电纺丝 高效低阻 纤维 

分 类 号：TS101.92[轻工技术与工程—纺织工程] TQ342.94[轻工技术与工程—纺织科学与工程]