不同旱直播模式对水稻出苗及幼苗质量的影响  

Effects of different dry direct seeding modes on rice seedling emergence and seedling quality

作　　者：张亮 王彦青 叶旭波 马玲芳 代晓华[1] Zhang Liang;Wang Yanqing;Ye Xubo;Ma Lingfang;Dai Xiaohua(School of Agriculture,Ningxia University,Yinchuan 750021,China)

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《农业科学研究》2021年第4期27-32,共6页Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：宁夏重点研发计划项目(2018BBF02018)。

摘　　要：由于水资源匮乏和劳动成本的不断增加,旱直播已成为宁夏水稻的主要栽培方式。为选择适宜的旱直播模式,以宁粳47号为材料,设置条播、穴播(20 cm×8 cm)、穴播(20.0 cm×12.5 cm)和匀播4种保墒旱直播模式,10.4、14.6和18.8 kg/667 m^(2)3个播量,比较4种旱直播模式下不同播量对水稻出苗率、基本苗数量和幼苗质量的影响。结果表明:穴播(20.0 cm×12.5 cm)模式的出苗率较高,其中播量10.4 kg/667 m^(2)的出苗率达到75.98%;条播模式的出苗率较低,其中播量14.6 kg/667 m^(2)的出苗率最低,仅为27.86%。各处理的出苗率、基本苗数量无显著差异,穴播(20.0 cm×12.5 cm)模式的基本苗数量较高,其中播量14.6 kg/667 m^(2)的基本苗数量为45.96万株/667 m^(2);条播模式的基本苗数量较低,其中播量10.4 kg/667 m^(2)的基本苗数量仅为16.91万株/667 m^(2)。在匀播模式下,播量14.6 kg/667m^(2)的幼苗质量最好,单株干物质量达到了0.08 g,根数为24,平均根长为3.7 cm,为后期水稻群体质量奠定了基础。With the shortage of water resources and the increase of labor cost, dry direct seeding has become the main mode of rice production in Ningxia.In order to select the suitable dry direct seeding mode in the Yellow River irrigation area,Ningjing 47 was used as the material to set up four dry direct seeding modes, namely, drill sowing, hole sowing(line20 cm×hole8 cm), hole sowing(line20 cm×hole12.5 cm) and even sowing, with three sowing rates of 10.4 kg/667 m^(2), 14.6 kg/667 m^(2)and 18.8 kg/667 m^(2).The effects of different models on the emergence rate, basic seedling number and seedling quality of rice were studied.The results showed that under the four modes of dry direct seeding, the emergence rate of hole seeding(line20 cm×hole12.5 cm) was higher, among which the emergence rate of 10.4 kg/667 m^(2)was 75.98%;the emergence rate of drill seeding was lower, among which the emergence rate of 14.6 kg/667 m^(2)was the lowest, only 27.86%.The number of basic seedlings in the mode of hole sowing(line20 cm×hole12.5 cm) was higher, among which the number of basic seedlings with 14.6 kg/667 m^(2)was the highest, reaching 459 600 plants/667 m^(2);the number of basic seedlings in the mode of row sowing was lower, among which the number of basic seedlings with 10.4 kg/667 m^(2)was the lowest, only 169 100 plants/667 m^(2), and there was no significant difference in seedling rate and basic seedling number among the treatments.Under the uniform seeding mode, the seedling with 14.6 kg/667 m^(2)was the best in quality, with a dry matter weight of 0.08 g per plant, 24 roots and an average root length of 3.7 cm.

关 键 词：水稻 旱直播 出苗率 幼苗质量 

分 类 号：S511.6[农业科学—作物学]