基于FPGA的超宽带数字波束形成技术  

Technique of UWB Digital Beam-Forming for FPGA

作　　者：顾明超[1,2] 李春晓 边疆 张汉卿[1,2] GU Mingchao;LI Chunxiao;BIAN Jiang;ZHANG Hanqing(The 54th Research Institute of CETC,Shijiazhuang 050081,China;Hebei Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Spectrum Cognition and Control,Shijiazhuang 050081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国电子科技集团公司第五十四研究所,河北石家庄050081 [2]河北省电磁频谱认知与管控重点实验室,河北石家庄050081

出　　处：《无线电通信技术》2022年第1期173-179,共7页Radio Communications Technology

基　　金：国家科技计划专项经费(2016QY10W1802)。

摘　　要：随着高速ADC和高性能FPGA芯片工艺技术的飞速发展,芯片的小型化和集成化促进了电子战系统瞬时覆盖带宽由几十兆赫兹上升到几百兆赫兹甚至到吉赫兹量级,属于超宽带范畴。为了获得更远的探测距离性能,具备同时对多个辐射源侦测的能力,需要瞬时形成多个数字波束对目标区域密集覆盖。针对宽带时域校准与合成处理资源占用多、形成波束少的缺点,在FPGA中采用整数点移位与相位校准滤波方法实现了通道校准,通过整数点移位与分数时延滤波处理降低了合成滤波器的阶数。对瞬时带宽内多个等间隔单音信号的波束指向进行仿真,通过波束图验证了宽带合成各频率指向的一致性。提出了一种处理实时、资源占用少的频域处理方法,结合FPGA芯片特性进行了硬件化实现,对合成前后频谱进行了对比,验证了合成增益。With the fast development of high-speed ADC and high-performance FPGA,miniaturization and system integration for chips make instantaneous bandwidth of electronic warfare system increased from tens of MHz to hundreds or even thousands of MHz,which can be classified to ultra-wideband category.Compared with traditional electronic reconnaissance system,in order to achieve detection/identification of multiple radiation sources,multiple digital beams need to be formed to cover target area.High-performance FPGA has abundant logic operations and storage resources on-chip,which is highly suitble for realization of multi-beamforming in array signal processing.In order to reduce the resource occupancy rate of wideband time-domain calibration and synthesis processing and form more beams,integer point shift and phase calibration filtering method are used to realize channel calibration,and integer point shift and fractional delay filter processing are adopted to reduce synthesis filter coefficients in FPGA.Through simulating the directivity of multiple equally-spaced tone signals within the instantaneous bandwidth,the consistency of each frequency direction of the wideband synthesis is verified by the generated beam pattern.A calibration and synthesis integrated frequency domain processing method with real-time processing and less resource occupancy is proposed,and realized by hardware in combination with the characteristics of the FPGA chip.Then the spectrum before and after the DBF is compared.And the combining gain can be verified.

关 键 词：阵列信号处理 FPGA 超宽带数字多波束形成 电子侦察 

分 类 号：TN911[电子电信—通信与信息系统]