不同比例沼液和尿素配施对稻田氨挥发的影响  

Effects of Surface Application of Biogas Slurry and Urea in Different Proportions on Ammonia Volatilization in Paddy Field

作　　者：高波[1] 王凯[1] 李红阳[1] 孙星星[1] 马晶晶[1] 张俊喜[1] 杨智青[1] GAO Bo;WANG Kai;LI Hong-yang(Jiangsu Coastal Area Institute of Agricultural Sciences,Yancheng,Jiangsu 224002)

机构地区：[1]江苏沿海地区农业科学研究所,江苏盐城224002

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2022年第1期154-157,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新资金项目(CX(16)1003);苏北科技专项“猪粪沼液高效还田技术集成与示范”(SZ-YC202008);江苏省盐土(滩涂)重点实验室开放课题(JKLBS2020011);江苏省科技(社会发展)项目(BE2018680)。

摘　　要：[目的]研究不同比例沼液和尿素配施对稻田氨挥发的影响。[方法]采用稻田小区试验,以等量氮素施入量为标准,将沼液和尿素以不同比例混合,分3次施入。[结果]沼液与尿素配施下水稻3个施肥期(基肥、分蘖肥、穗肥)氨挥发均主要发生在施肥后前5~6 d,第7天氨挥发基本结束,施肥后3 d内氨挥发速率即可达到峰值;与仅施尿素相比,配施沼液使稻田氨挥发速率显著增加,其中基肥完全由沼液代替的处理,其氨挥发速率最大可达7.5 kg/(hm^(2)·d);氨挥发损失量与沼液配施比例呈显著正相关,其中沼液配施比最大的处理下由氨挥发导致的氮素损失比例可达20.2%。[结论]适当降低沼液比例可明显减少氨挥发损失;沼液中大量氮素以NH_(4)^(+)-N的形式存在是沼液还田后增加氨挥发的主要原因之一,此外,高温也能增加沼液的挥发强度,加速铵态氮的流失。[Objective]To study the effect of different proportions of biogas slurry and urea on ammonia volatilization in paddy field.[Method]Paddy plot experiment was carried out.The biogas slurry and urea were mixed in different proportions and applied in three times with the same amount of nitrogen as the standard.[Result]Under the combined application of biogas slurry and urea,ammonia volatilization mainly occurred in the first 5-6 days after fertilization(basal,tillering and earing).The ammonia volatilization rate basically ended on the 7th day,and the peak value of ammonia volatilization rate could be reached within 3 days after fertilization.Compared with urea only,treatments combined with biogas slurry significantly increased ammonia volatilization rate,and the maximum ammonia volatilization rate reached 7.5 kg/(hm^(2)·d)when biogas slurry completely replaced the urea in basal.There was a significant positive correlation between ammonia volatilization loss and biogas slurry application ratio,and the maximum ratio of nitrogen loss caused by ammonia volatilization was 20.2%in the treatment with the largest biogas slurry application ratio.[Conclusion]Ammonia volatilization loss can be significantly reduced by appropriately reducing the biogas slurry ratio.A large amount of nitrogen in the form of NH_(4)^(+)-N in biogas slurry is the main reason for increasing ammonia volatilization after biogas slurry returning to the field.High temperature can increase the volatilization intensity of biogas slurry and accelerate the loss of ammonium nitrogen.Therefore,high temperature weather should be avoided when biogas slurry is returned to the field.

关 键 词：沼液 尿素 配施 氨挥发 稻田 

分 类 号：S141[农业科学—肥料学]