秸秆还田配施不同用量氮肥对小麦光合特性·产量及土壤养分的影响  

Effects of Returning Straw into the Field and Applying Different Nitrogen Fertilizers on Photosynthetic Characteristics,Yield and Soil Nutrients of Wheat

作　　者：徐峰 钟文[2] 胡昕[2] 史艳昌 XU Feng;ZHONG Wen;HU Xin(Juxian Agriculture and Rural Affairs Bureau,Juxian,Shandong 276599;Shandong Provincial Seed Management Station,Jinan,Shandong 250100)

机构地区：[1]莒县农业农村局,山东莒县276599 [2]山东省种子管理总站,山东济南250100

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2022年第1期160-162,共3页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

摘　　要：以小麦品种烟农999为研究对象,在前茬玉米秸秆全量还田条件下,分别设置施N 0 kg/hm^(2)(处理T1)、70 kg/hm^(2)(处理T2)、140 kg/hm^(2)(处理T3)、210 kg/hm^(2)(处理T4)、280 kg/hm^(2)(处理T5)共5个施氮水平,研究不同处理对小麦光合特性、产量及土壤养分的影响。结果表明,随着施氮量增加,小麦旗叶净光合速率、蒸腾速率和气孔导度均呈先增加后降低的趋势,均以处理T4最大;胞间CO_(2)浓度呈先降低后增加的趋势,处理T4最小。随着施氮量增加,各处理小麦产量均有所增加,处理T4产量最高。土壤碱解氮和有效磷含量均随着氮肥施用量的增加呈逐渐增加的趋势,速效钾和有机质含量均随着氮肥施用量的增加呈先增加后降低的趋势,且处理T4的速效钾和有机质含量均最高。综合考虑认为,试验条件下秸秆还田配施氮肥210 kg/hm^(2)可以有效提升小麦光合能力,提升土壤养分,提高小麦产量,效果较好。Taking wheat variety Yannong 999 as the research object,under the condition that the previous crop of corn stalks were fully returned to the field,nitrogen application was set to 0 kg/hm^(2)(treatment T1),70 kg/hm^(2)(treatment T2),140 kg/hm^(2)(treatment T3),210 kg/hm^(2)(treatment T4),280 kg/hm^(2)(treatment T5)total of 5 nitrogen application levels,in order to study the effects of different treatments on photosynthetic characteristics,yield and soil nutrients of wheat.The results showed that with the increase of nitrogen application rate,P n,T r,G s of wheat flag leaf all showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing,with treatment T4 being the largest;Ci showed a trend of first decreasing and then increasing,and the treatment T4 was the smallest.With the increase of nitrogen application rate,the yield of wheat in each treatment increased,and the yield of treatment T4 was the highest.The contents of soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus showed a gradual increase trend with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application,and the content of available potassium and organic matter showed a trend of first increase and then decrease with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer application,and treatment T4 of available potassium and organic matter content were the highest.Based on comprehensive considerations,under the experimental conditions,returning straw into the field and applying nitrogen fertilizer 210 kg/hm^(2) could effectively improve the photosynthetic capacity of wheat,improve soil nutrients,and increase wheat yield,the effect was better.

关 键 词：小麦 秸秆还田 氮肥 光合特性 产量 土壤养分 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]