河西走廊中部光能资源变化对玉米制种业的影响  

Influence of Radiation Resource Change on Maize Seed Industry in Central Hexi Corridor

作　　者：褚超 殷雪莲 万巧锐 狄增文 雷俊 CHU Chao;YIN Xue-lian;WAN Qiao-rui(Zhangye Meteorological Bureau,Zhangye,Gansu 734000;Zhangye National Climate Observatory,Zhangye,Gansu 734000)

机构地区：[1]张掖市气象局,甘肃张掖734000 [2]张掖国家气候观象台,甘肃张掖734000 [3]定西市气象局,甘肃定西743000

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2022年第1期220-223,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：2020年度甘肃省高等学校产业支撑引导项目(2020C-34);2020年度干旱气象科学研究基金项目(IAM202009);2021年度甘肃省科技计划项目(20JR10RG823)。

摘　　要：基于河西走廊中部1981—2020年玉米生长季逐日日照时数以及同期玉米发育期、播种面积和产量资料,采用回归、Mann-Kendall检验和距平法分析玉米生长季光能资源变化特征及其对制种玉米生长发育和制种规模产生的影响。结果表明,1981—2020年河西走廊中部春玉米生长季内光能资源总体呈波动下降趋势。光照强度和光照时间均在前20年随时间呈上升趋势,后20年呈下降趋势。20世纪80年代年太阳总辐射为负距平,90年代为正距平,21世纪以来波动较大,但多以负距平为主。生长季4—6月日照时数呈上升趋势,7—9月呈下降趋势。春玉米播种期略有提前,成熟期推后速率为1.49 d/10 a,全生育期延长。玉米全生育期生长日数与同期日照时数均呈增加趋势,气候倾向率分别为2.87 d/10 a和9.61 h/10 a,两者存在显著正相关。近40年河西走廊中部玉米制种面积和规模明显增加,种植面积递增率为0.23×10^(4) hm^(2)/a,近10年年平均播种面积为8.93×10^(4) hm^(2),现有规范化玉米制种企业近70家,杂交品种900多个。光能资源等农业气候资源的变化导致河西中部玉米生长发育的变化,从而对制种生产的管理措施和农事活动产生一定影响,在玉米制种过程中尤其要关注气候变化,做到趋利避害,促进河西玉米制种业健康持续发展。Based on the daily sunshine hours of maize growing season in central Hexi Corridor from 1981 to 2020 and the data of growth period,planting area and yield in the same period,the variation characteristics of radiation resources in maize growing season and its influence on the maize growth and seed production scale were analyzed by regression,Mann-Kendall test and anomaly method.The results showed that the radiation energy resources showed a fluctuating downward trend during the growing season of spring maize in central Hexi Corridor from 1981 to 2020.The light duration and intensity increased with time in the first 20 years and decreased in the last 20 years.The total solar radiation was negative anomalies in the 1980s and positive anomalies in the 1990s.Since the 21st century,the total solar radiation fluctuated greatly,but most of them were negative anomaly.During the growing season,the sunshine hours increased from April to June,and decreased from July to September.The sowing date of spring maize was slightly advanced,the rate of maturity was 1.49 d/10a,and the whole growth period was prolonged.The growth days and sunshine hours in the whole growth period of maize showed an increasing trend,and the climate tendency rates were 2.87 d/10a and 9.61 h/10a,respectively,and there was a significant positive correlation between the two.In recent 40 years,the area and scale of maize seed production in the central Hexi Corridor increased significantly,and the increasing rate of planting area was 0.23×10^(4) hm^(2)/a,and the average annual planting area in the past 10 years was 8.93×10^(4) hm^(2).At present,there were nearly 70 standardized maize seed production enterprises and more than 900 hybrid varieties.The change of agricultural climate resources such as radiation energy resources leads to the change of maize growth and development in the central Hexi corridor,which has a certain impact on the management measures and agricultural activities of seed production.In the process of maize seed production,we should pay s

关 键 词：光能资源 春玉米 生长发育 制种 河西走廊中部 

分 类 号：S162[农业科学—农业气象学]