空间目标天基双星立体天文定位  

Stereo celestial positioning of space-based double satellites to space target

作　　者：赵巨波[1] 徐婷婷 杨秀彬[2,3] 永强 ZHAO Ju-bo;XU Ting-ting;YANG Xiu-bin;YONG Qiang(92941Troop,PLA,Huludao 125001,China;Changchun Institute of Optics,Fine Mechanics and Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Changchun 130033,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100039,China)

机构地区：[1]中国人民解放军92941部队,辽宁葫芦岛125001 [2]中国科学院长春光学精密机械与物理研究所,吉林长春130033 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100039

出　　处：《光学精密工程》2021年第12期2902-2914,共13页Optics and Precision Engineering

基　　金：吉林省自然科学基金项目(No.20210101099JC);2019年度珠海市创新团队项目(No.ZH0405190001PWC);国家自然科学基金项目(No.62171430,No.62101071,No.62005275)。

摘　　要：为了提高天基光学传感器观测空间目标的定位精度,基于天文定位原理,提出了一种天基空间目标双星立体天文定位方法。首先,根据光学载荷固有参数,分析了空间目标在光学传感器上成像特性,选择阈值质心法精确提取目标在二维像平面上位置。接着,基于目标到观测传感器全链路坐标投影变换关系,建立了地球惯性坐标系下目标的观测矢量模型。然后,结合最小二乘法准则,建立了双星立体天文几何定位模型,完成空间目标从二维图像信息到三维空间信息的投影变换。最后,搭建地面实验生成了含空间目标的星空图像,并完成了定位算法验证和误差仿真分析。实验结果表明:当定位模型中没有误差时,定位精度可达10^(-5) m;当同时存在卫星位置误差、卫星姿态误差、卫星轨道误差、相机安装误差和图像处理误差时,定位误差分布为均值为零,标准差为114.62 m的高斯分布,基本满足定位需求。本文的研究工作可为天基空间目标的高精度检测定位提供参考。Based on the principle of celestial positioning,a stereo positioning method with two observatory satellites was proposed to improve the accuracy of space based detection and positioning.First,according to the performance of the optical camera,the image characteristics of the space target on the optical sensor were analyzed,and the position of the target on the image plane was accurately extracted using the thresh⁃old centroid method.Next,based on the coordinate transformation matrix between the target and the ob⁃servation sensor,the observation vector model was established via the inertial coordinate system.Then,the stereo geometric positioning model of the two observation satellites was established based on the princi⁃ple of least squares.This model realizes the position transformation of the space target from the two-di⁃mensional image to the three-dimensional space.Finally,the experimental star image capturing the target was generated using ground experiment,and error simulations were performed to verify the positioning al⁃gorithm.Simulation results indicate that the positioning precision of the proposed approach can reach 10^(-5) m in the absence of errors.When five types of errors,satellite orbit and attitude,camera installation,and centroid extraction,were considered,the positioning error obeyed a normal distribution with a standard de⁃viation of 114.62 m and a mean value of 0,thereby meeting the standard requirements.In this regard,this study provides a novel method for the space based high precision detection and positioning.

关 键 词：天基探测 质心提取 天文定位 坐标变换 最小二乘法 

分 类 号：TP394.1[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术] TH691.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机科学与技术]