欧美甲烷减排战略与油气行业减排行动分析  

Analysis of methane emission reduction strategies in Europe and America and actions of oil and gas industry

作　　者：张岑 李伟 ZHANG Cen;LI Wei(CNOOC Energy Economics Institute)

机构地区：[1]中国海油集团能源经济研究院

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2021年第12期16-23,共8页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：近年来,欧盟国家和美国相继发布国家层面甲烷减排战略或行动计划,并联合103个国家在《联合国气候变化框架公约》第26次缔约方大会期间发起签署《全球甲烷承诺》,拟将甲烷减排从科学研究上升至国际博弈。为实现短期内甲烷减排成效,国际社会重点聚焦能源行业特别是油气领域的甲烷减排,强化对油气行业的监管力度。国内外大石油公司为响应监管要求,纷纷提出甲烷减排目标,并利用技术手段采取了一些实质性措施。面对欧美重塑全球能源行业竞争格局的甲烷减排运动,中国应高度重视外部环境变化,根据能源资源禀赋和甲烷排放结构制定符合中国国情的减排行动计划;建立油气行业甲烷排放监测、报告及核查体系;加大甲烷等温室气体监测技术投入,推动关键减排技术取得突破;强化甲烷减排国际合作,主动参与构建相关标准体系,在应对气候变化博弈中争夺主导权。In recent years, the European Union and the United States have published their strategies or action plans to reduce methane emissions, and collaboratively launched the Global Methane Pledge with other 103 countries at the 26 thUN Climate Change Conference of the Parties. This series of actions aims to elevate the issue of methane emissions reduction from a scientific research level to an international competition. In order to achieve remarkable improvements of methane emissions control in a relatively short period of time, the energy sector, particularly the oil and gas industry, has been targeted by the international community who is constantly calling for a tighter regulation on oil and gas operations. Accordingly, many international oil companies have set their own targets to reduce methane emissions, and some have already taken practical measures using state-of-the-art technologies. In face of the global action for reducing methane emissions led by the European Union and the United States who aim to reshape the global energy industry, China should be on high alert monitoring these external changes, prepare a national methane emissions reduction action plan tailored to the local circumstances and methane emissions mix, build a methane-specific monitoring, reporting and verification standard for the oil and gas industry, boost investments on technologies for leak, detection and repair inspections, promote critical technology breakthrough and international collaborations by actively participating in drafting relevant standards in order to lead the global combat for dealing with climate change game.

关 键 词：甲烷减排 油气行业 监测技术 减排承诺 气候变化 

分 类 号：X322[环境科学与工程—环境工程] F416.7[经济管理—产业经济] F416.22