乡村振兴背景下县域治理的实践困境与对策分析——基于实施农村饮水安全工程项目的考察  

County Governance’s Dilemma and Solutions in Rural Revitalization:——Based on the Implementation of the Rural Drinking Water Safety Project

作　　者：夏冬 XIA Dong(School of Sociology,Wuhan University,Wuhan 430072,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学社会学院,武汉430072

出　　处：《山东行政学院学报》2022年第1期46-55,共10页Journal of Shandong Academy of Governance

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“乡村振兴战略背景下乡村治理中的精英流失及其应对机制构建研究”(19CSH007)。

摘　　要：乡村振兴背景下,有效的县域治理是乡村建设的重要基础。以中部Y县实施农村饮水安全工程项目为例,从2005年开始,Y县在中央和地方财政支持下持续发展农村饮水安全工程,主要围绕工程建设和保障运营两部分展开。农村饮水安全工程具有强烈的民生保障性质,也是乡村建设的重要内容。在项目实施过程中,县级政府通过任务指标分解和配置资源,将农村饮水安全工程的政策目标向下落实,乡镇政府负责落实水厂经营主体,村级组织负责协调服务,水厂经营主体则负责饮水生产和供给。在保障工程运营过程中,存在利润空间有限、经营主体难以落实以及农村涉水矛盾增加等问题。其背后的重要原因是饮水工程项目实施中的县域治理困境,表现为顶格化管理、跨层级监督以及小微矛盾上移三个方面。在资源下乡支持乡村建设过程中,应当发挥县级政府更多的治理自主性,全面审视和尊重县域治理的层级秩序,发挥县域基层治理体系的组织动员优势,为县域治理提供适度的弹性空间。Effective county governance is an important basis both for rural construction and rural revitalization.This article takes the rural drinking water safety project(RDWSP)in county Y as an example.Since 2005,with the support of central and local finance,the county’s RDWSP,mainly focusing on the construction of the project and the security of the operation,has been developed constantly.The RDWSP is not only a strong guarantee for people’s livelihoods,but also an important part of rural construction.During the operation of the RDWSP,the county-level government will implement the policy objectives by decomposing the task index and allocating resources as follows.The township governments are responsible for implementing the business entities of water plants,the village organizations undertake the coordinating services,and the entities of water plants take on the production and supply of drinking water.In the process of ensuring the operation of the project,some problems arise,such as limited profit space,difficult implementation of business entities,and increased water-related contradictions in rural areas.The hidden reason is the dilemma of county governance in the implementation of a drinking water project,which is manifested in three aspects:top-grid management,cross-level supervision,and the upward movement of small and micro contradictions.In the process of redistributing resources to the countryside to support rural construction,county-level governments should be given more autonomy by comprehensively examining and respecting the hierarchical order of county governance,giving full play to the organization and mobilization advantages of the county-level governance system,and providing appropriate elastic space for county governance.

关 键 词：乡村振兴 县域治理 资源下乡 民生工程 农村饮水 乡村建设 

分 类 号：D669.3[政治法律—政治学] F323.89[政治法律—中外政治制度]