返璞归真:斯托海德花园的“帕拉第奥桥”  

Simple and Plain:The‘Palladian Bridge’at Stourhead in Wiltshire

作　　者：刘晨[1] LIU Chen

机构地区：[1]清华大学建筑学院

出　　处：《建筑史学刊》2021年第4期89-99,共11页Journal of Architectural History

摘　　要：位于英国威尔特郡西南部的斯托海德庄园以其18世纪的花园和“新帕拉第奥”式住宅闻名于世。花园内有一座造型简单、风格质朴的“帕拉第奥桥”,与同时期其他英国风景园中精雅的帕拉第奥式廊桥迥异其趣。对斯托海德庄园历史资料的系统性整理和研究始于20世纪60年代,迄今仍有一些问题存在争议;尤其是斯托海德花园,在艺术史、建筑史和风景园林史等领域均引发了研究者的浓厚兴趣。学者们大都将精力倾注在花园的图像阐释上,试图将这座风景园与古罗马诗人维吉尔的史诗和法国17世纪风景画家克劳德与普桑的画作联系起来,却忽略了“帕拉第奥桥”的存在和意义。本文以“园”和“桥”这两个彼此依存而又各自独立的元素为叙述线索,由整体渐入局部,重新审视斯托海德花园。全文分上、下两篇,上篇追溯斯托海德花园的建造史与研究史,结合实际游园体验,对以往的图像学解读提出质疑;下篇细究“帕拉第奥桥”的来历并探讨其在斯托海德花园中扮演的独特角色。Located in southwestern Wiltshire,England,Stourhead is famous for its eighteenth-century landscape garden and neo-Palladian house.There is a simple and plain Palladian bridge in the garden,which is quite different from those elegant bridges modelled on Palladio’s design in other English landscape gardens of the same period.Systematic studies of the history of Stourhead began in the 1960s and continue well into the twenty-first century,with some issues still open to debate.In particular,Stourhead Garden has aroused great interest among art,architecture,and garden historians.Scholars have largely focused their discussions on the iconography of the garden,trying to establish various links between Stourhead,the epic Aeneid by the ancient Roman poet Virgil,and certain landscapes by the seventeenth-century painters Claude Lorrain and Nicolas Poussin.Meanwhile,the Palladian bridge and its significance have been overlooked.This article takes a new perspective on Stourhead Garden by examining the Palladian bridge against its physical setting as well as literary-artistic framework.The text is divided into two parts:the first part traces the history of design and construction of the garden,and,drawing on the visitor’s experience,challenges previous scholars’iconographical interpretations;the second part explores the genesis of the Palladian bridge and illuminates its unique role in Stourhead Garden by comparing it with other garden bridges inspired by Palladio’s design.

关 键 词：斯托海德花园 帕拉第奥桥 《建筑四书》 英国风景园 新帕拉第奥主义 

分 类 号：TU-098.4[建筑科学—建筑理论]