论网络盗窃中的规范占有  

On the Normative Possession in Cyber Theft

作　　者：王华伟[1] Wang Huawei(the Law School of Peking Univeristy,Doctor of Law)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院

出　　处：《国家检察官学院学报》2021年第6期102-120,共19页Journal of National Prosecutors College

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目“刑法罪量要素的理论建构与实务应用研究”(20YJC820045)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：偷换二维码案引发理论激烈争论,折射出网络时代传统财产犯罪的适用难题。新型三角诈骗罪说无法有效论证被骗者与受害人之间的紧密关系,间接正犯诈骗说误读了第三方支付平台的作用,债权实现诈骗说则没有正确理解诈骗罪的交流性特征及其与处分意思的关联性,而一般诈骗说在被害人认定上存在不足。相对而言,将偷换二维码行为定性为盗窃罪更为可取。相对性较弱的存款性债权,可以例外性地成为盗窃罪的行为客体。顾客善意扫码支付的行为在民法上具有清偿自身债务的效果,即已将其对银行、微信或支付宝的债权转移给商家。从一般民众对交易行为的观念形象出发,行为人偷换二维码非法取财的行为,实际是对即将到达商家的货款予以截留,其打破了商家对货款的规范占有,认定为盗窃罪具有妥当性。对于以偷换二维码为代表的疑难网络财产犯罪,应注意从规范论的视角审视虚拟空间的刑法占有。The case of secretly replacing the QR code has sparked fierce theoretical controversy and also reflected the difficulty of applying the traditional property crimes in the internet age. The new triangle fraud theory cannot effectively prove the close relationship between the victims. The indirect principal fraud theory misunderstands the role of third-party payment platforms. The fraud to the realization of the creditor’s right theory does not correctly understand the communicative characteristic of the fraud and its relevance to the intention of disposition. The normal fraud theory has obvious deficiency in the identification of victim. The theft theory is a relatively reasonable point of view.The deposit creditor’s right,which has weaker relativity,can exceptionally be the object of theft.The customer’s behavior of scanning QR code in good faith has the effect of paying off his debt in the civil law. According to this effect,it should be considered from the normative perspective,that the customer has transferred his claims on WeChat or Alipay to the merchant. Starting from the common people’s concept and image of transaction,the behavior of secretly replacing the QR code is actually an interception of the payment,which is about to arrive at the merchant. It breaks the merchant’s normative possession of the payment,so it is appropriate to identify this behavior as a theft.

关 键 词：偷换二维码 诈骗 盗窃 网络时代 规范占有 存款性债权 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]