增密对不同分枝类型大豆品种同化物积累和产量的影响  

Effects of close planting densities on assimilate accumulation and yield of soybean with different plant branching types

作　　者：李瑞东 尹阳阳 宋雯雯[2] 武婷婷[2] 孙石[2] 韩天富[2] 徐彩龙 吴存祥[2] 胡水秀 LI Rui-Dong;YIN Yang-Yang;SONG Wen-Wen;WU Ting-Ting;SUN Shi;HAN Tian-Fu;XUCai-Long;WU Cun-Xiang;HU Shui-Xiu(College of Agriculture,Jiangxi Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding,Ministry of Education/Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology,Ecology and Genetic Breeding/Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China,Nanchang 330045,Jiangxi,China;Institute of Crop Sciences,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Soybean Industrial Technology R&D Center,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]江西农业大学农学院/作物生理生态与遗传育种教育部重点实验室/江西省作物生理生态与遗传育种重点实验室/南方粮油作物协同创新中心,江西南昌330045 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/国家大豆产业技术研发中心,北京100081

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第4期942-951,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2020YFD1000903)资助。

摘　　要：试验于2018—2019年进行,选择2种不同分枝类型的品种(中作XA12938和中黄13)为供试材料,设置13.5×10^(4)(D1)、18.0×10^(4)(D2)、22.5×10^(4)(D3)、27.0×10^(4)(D4)、31.5×10^(4)(D5)和36.0×10^(4)株hm^(-2)(D6)6个种植密度,研究增密种植对不同分枝类型品种叶面积指数(LAI)、干物质积累及分配、产量和产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,随种植密度的提高,大豆LAI进入高值(>4)的时期提前,中作XA12938和中黄13分别从出苗后47.0 d和54.6 d(D1)提前至31.0 d和32.9 d(D6)。与中黄13相比,中作XA12938LAI高值持续期长且中后期降幅小。不同品种处理间干物质随密度的增加程度存在差异,结荚期中作XA12938和中黄13高密处理(D6)干重较低密处理(D1)干重分别提高77.53%和51.21%。随密度的提升,成熟期生殖器官干物质占比呈先增加后降低的趋势。产量随种植密度增加总体呈先增加后趋平的趋势,中作XA12938的最高产量出现在D5(5000.45 kg hm^(-2))处理,继续增加种植密度产量较稳定,中黄13两年最高产量分别出现在D4(4477.90 kg hm^(-2))和D5(3935.30 kg hm^(-2))处理,继续增加种植密度产量逐渐降低,中作XA12938的平均产量较中黄13产量显著提高22.37%。灰色关联度分析发现,中作XA12938植株高度和单位面积有效荚数与产量密切相关,而中黄13的单位面积有效粒数和重心高度与产量的关联度较高。适度增密可提高大豆LAI并延长其高值持续期、促进干物质积累、增加生殖器官的占比、提高大豆产量。在生产中可选用分枝调节能力较强品种,通过适当增加种植密度,从而提高产量,增加效益。To investigate the effects of planting density on leaf area index,dry matter accumulation and distribution,and yield components of different varieties,field experiments were conducted using two soybean varieties with different branching types(Zhongzuo XA12938,a main stem type variety;Zhonghuang 13,a branched type variety)under six planting densities(D1:13.5×10^(4) plants hm^(-2);D2:18.0×10^(4) plants hm^(-2);D3:22.5×10^(4) plants hm^(-2);D4:27.0×10^(4) plants hm^(-2);D5:31.5×10^(4) plants hm^(-2);D6:36.0×10^(4) plants hm^(-2)).The results showed that as planting densities increased,soybean LAI reached the highest values(>4)earlier,from 47.0 d and 54.6 d(D1)to 31.0 d and 32.9 d(D6)after seedling emergence for Zhongzuo XA12938 and Zhonghuang 13,respectively.Compared to Zhonghuang 13,the high LAI values in Zhongzuo XA12938 lasted longer and decreased less at the middle and late stages.The degree of increase in dry matter with density varied between treatments.At podding stage,dry weight increased by 77.53%and 51.21%in the high-density treatment(D6)compared to the low-density treatment(D1)for Zhongzuo XA12938 and Zhonghuang 13,respectively.The percentage of dry matter in reproductive organs at maturity stage increased and then decreased with increasing density.The highest yields were achieved under D5(5000.45 kg hm^(-2))treatment and remained stable at increasing densities for Zhongzuo XA12938.The highest yields for both years were achieved under D4(4477.90 kg hm^(-2))and D5(3935.30 kg hm^(-2))treatments for Zhonghuang 13.The average yield of Zhongzuo XA12938 was significantly higher by 22.37% than that of Zhonghuang 13.Grey correlation analysis revealed that plant height and effective pods per unit area were closely related to yield in Zhongzuo XA12938,while effective grains per unit area and height of centre of gravity were more highly correlated with yield in Zhonghuang 13.Zhongzuo XA12938 moderate increase in density can increase the LAI and prolong the duration of its high value,promote dry matter accumula

关 键 词：大豆 分枝类型 种植密度 同化物积累 产量 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]