杂交水稻机插制种的亲本穗茎生长与花期特性  

Characteristics of panicle stem growth and flowering period of the parents of hybrid rice in machine-transplanted seed production

作　　者：秦琴 陶有凤 黄帮超 李卉 高云天 钟晓媛[1] 周中林 朱莉 雷小龙[1] 冯生强 王旭[3] 任万军[1] QIN Qin;TAO You-Feng;HUANG Bang-Chao;LI Hui;GAO Yun-Tian;ZHONG Xiao-Yuan;ZHOU Zhong-Lin;ZHU Li;LEI Xiao-Long;FENG Sheng-Qiang;WANG Xu;REN Wan-Jun(College of Agronomy,Sichuan Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Exploration and Utilization in Southwest China/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Cultivation of Sichuan Province,Wenjiang 611130,Sichuan,China;Chengdu Agricultural Technology Extension Station,Chengdu 610041,Sichuan,China;Institute of Agro-Products Processing,Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Chengdu 610066,Sichuan,China)

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学农学院/西南作物基因资源发掘与利用国家重点实验室/四川省作物生理生态及栽培重点实验室,四川温江611130 [2]成都市农业技术推广总站,四川成都610041 [3]四川省农业科学院农产品加工研究所,四川成都610066

出　　处：《作物学报》2022年第4期988-1004,共17页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：四川省产业体系水稻创新团队项目(sccxtd-2021-01);四川省育种攻关项目(2021YFYZ0005)资助。

摘　　要：为明确机插栽培模式下恢复系和不育系穗茎生长与花期特性,探究机械化栽培下杂交水稻制种亲本花期相遇困难的原因,选用成恢727×蜀21A、雅恢2115×宜香1A两组合为材料,于2019—2020年进行大田试验,设置2种栽插方式及秧龄,进行恢复系和不育系叶龄动态、穗茎生长和抽穗动态调查,统计分析不同处理对不育系和恢复系穗、茎、叶生长发育及花遇状态的影响。结果表明,(1)机插亲本总叶片数发生改变,恢复系减少0.3~0.8叶,不育系增加0.1~0.4叶,同时秧龄缩短恢复系总叶数减少,不育系总叶数无显著变化。(2)机插恢复系穗、茎、叶生长发育进程较手栽延迟2~5 d,不育系延迟5~10 d;恢复系拔节后开始幼穗分化而不育系进入幼穗分化后5~10 d开始拔节,机插恢复系与不育系穗分化持续时间无显著变化,各处理亲本幼穗生长曲线均拟合Logistic曲线较好(R^(2)>0.99)。(3)机插较手栽亲本播始历期延长,秧龄延长存在相同效应,不育系较恢复系对栽插方式及秧龄的响应更显著。(4)各组合手栽长秧龄的花遇指数为100%,花遇良好;机插长秧龄和手栽短秧龄条件下花遇指数介于40%~60%之间,花遇状态次之;机插短秧龄成恢727×蜀21A组合与雅恢2115×宜香1A组合花遇指数分别为0和18.18%,花期严重不遇。综合来看,机插模式下亲本穗、茎、叶生长发育滞后,秧龄增大加剧了亲本生长发育的延迟。不同栽插方式和秧龄下恢复系和不育系生长发育和花期特性存在差异,恢复系和不育系对栽培措施的响应差异是亲本花期不遇的主要原因。To study the characteristics of panicle and stem growth and flowering period of restorer line and sterile line under mechanized transplanting mode,and to analyze the reasons for the difficulty of parental flowering period meeting under mechanized transplanting mode Chenghui 727×Shu 21A and Yahui 2115×Yixiang 1A were selected as the materials,and the field experiment was carried out from 2019 to 2020 in this study.Two transplanting methods and seedling ages were determined.Leaf age dynamics,panicle stem growth dynamics,and heading dynamics of restorer line and sterile line were investigated,and the effects of different treatments on the growth and development of panicle,stem and leaf,and flower state of the restorer line and sterile line were statistically analyzed.The results were as follows:(1)The total number of leaves in mechanical transplanting parents decreased by 0.3-0.8 leaves in restorer lines while the sterile line added 0.1-0.4 leaves.Meanwhile,the total number of leaves in restorer lines decreased with the decrease of seedling age,while there was no significant change in the total number of leaves of male sterile lines.(2)The growth process of panicles,stems and leaves of restorer lines in mechanical transplanting was delayed by 2-5 days,while that of sterile lines was delayed by 5-10 days.The panicle differentiation of restorer lines began after jointing,while the panicle differentiation of sterile lines began 5-10 days after jointing.The panicle differentiation duration of restorer lines and sterile lines did not change significantly.The young ear growth curves of all treated parents were well fitted with Logistic curves(R^(2)>0.99).(3)The duration from seeding to heading of machine transplanting parents was longer than that of artificial transplanting parents.The effect of lengthening seedling age was the same as the change of transplanting method and the response of sterile lines to transplanting method and seedling age was more significant than that of restorer lines.(4)The flower encounter inde

关 键 词：杂交稻 机械化制种 亲本 穗茎生长 播始历期 花期 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]