离婚财产分割制度的法律适用——以《民法典》实施后的实证研究为切入点  

The Legal Application of Divorce Property Division Regime——Taking the Empirical Research after the Implementation of the Civil Code as the Breakthrough Point

作　　者：夏江皓 XIA Jiang-hao(China University of Political Science and Law)

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学

出　　处：《华中科技大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期34-45,共12页Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“体系视角下婚姻家庭关系法律适用问题研究”(18CFX075);中宣部部级项目“民法典离婚财产分割和离婚救济制度之价值判断与适用标准”(CSHRS2020-21YB);司法部国家法治与法学理论项目“婚后所得共同制下夫妻债务规范体系研究”(19SFB3035);司法部国家法治与法学理论项目“婚后所得共同制下夫妻债务规范体系研究”(19SFB3035)。

摘　　要：《民法典》对离婚财产分割及其相关的离婚救济制度进行了若干重要修改,从文义、历史和目的解释来看,《民法典》离婚财产分割制度的规范意旨在于对离婚时弱势一方当事人的关怀和对实质公平的追求。《民法典》实施后的实证研究显示,“前民法典时代”对共同财产均等分割的司法习惯在实务中仍然占据主流,对此,在今后适用离婚财产分割制度时,应当注意秉持保护弱者和实质公平的价值理念,结合个案事实,对婚姻存续长短、双方当事人在婚姻期间对夫妻共同财产和其他家庭福利作出的贡献、双方当事人离婚后的身体健康状况和经济状况、对直接抚养子女一方和对无过错一方的照顾等因素进行综合考量。此外,离婚财产分割和离婚家务劳动补偿、离婚经济帮助和离婚损害赔偿之间存在密切关联,实践中应当对各种离婚财产法请求权规范进行动态考量,以保障当事人的合法权益,防止过度评价矫枉过正,促进离婚财产分割制度的合理解释与适用。The Civil Code has made several important changes to the divorce property division regime and its related divorce relief regime.From the interpretation of the text,history and purpose,the normative intent of the divorce property division regime in the Civil Code is to care for the weak party in the divorce and to pursue substantive fairness.The empirical research after the implementation of the Civil Code shows that the judicial custom of equal division of common property in the pre-Civil Code era still prevails in practice.In this regard,when applying the divorce property division regime in the future,attention should be paid to the values of protecting the weak party and substantive fairness,meanwhile,combining the facts of each individual case,taking into account the length of the marriage,the contributions made by the parties to the common property and other family benefits during the marriage,the health and the financial conditions of the parties after the divorce,the care for the party who directly raises the children and the care for the party who is not at fault.In addition,there is a close relationship between divorce property division and divorce domestic labor compensation,divorce economic assistance and divorce damages.In practice,dynamic consideration should be given to various norms of divorce property law claims in order to protect the legitimate rights and interests of the parties,to prevent over-evaluation,and to promote the reasonable interpretation and application of the divorce property division regime.

关 键 词：离婚财产分割 离婚救济 实质公平 法律适用 

分 类 号：D923.9[政治法律—民商法学]