宪法实施视域中司法裁判宪法援引的实证分析  

An Empirical Analysis on the Constitutional Invocation in Judicial Judgment from the Perspective of Constitutional Implementation

作　　者：魏健馨 田圣文 WEI Jianxin;TIAN Shengwen

机构地区：[1]天津大学法学院,天津300072

出　　处：《北京行政学院学报》2022年第1期105-113,共9页Journal of Beijing administration institute

基　　金：2018年度司法部国家法治与法学理论研究项目“大数据视角下司法裁判中宪法角色实证研究”(18SFB2008)。

摘　　要：全面推进宪法实施采用广义的宪法实施内涵,有利于将宪法基本原则和宪法规范贯彻落实到国家与社会生活的各个领域。司法裁判中的宪法援引是宪法实施在司法领域的具体实践,因此,对宪法援引的实证研究能够获得宪法实施的直观印象。借助于新兴的大数据技术,检索含有宪法援引内容的裁判文书,对其进行统计学处理和分析,形成关于宪法援引案件的系统性认知。在此基础上,运用宪法学原理对宪法援引进行解析,以主体为宪法援引的区分标准,将其分解为当事人宪法援引与法院宪法援引两种不同类型,便于深入考察司法实践中宪法援引的具体方式和实际效果,进一步印证宪法援引在推进宪法全面实施过程中所具有的实践价值。It is appropriate to adopt the broad connotation of constitutional implementation in comprehensively promoting constitutional implementation,which is conducive to the implementation of the basic principles and norms of the constitution in all areas of the country and social life.The constitution invocation in judicial judg⁃ment is a concrete practice of constitutional implementation in judicial field.Therefore,an empirical study of constitutional invocation can obtain an intuitive impression of constitutional implementation.With the help of the emerging big data technology,in this article,the adjudicative documents including constitutional invocation content are retrieved and the statistical processing and analysis of them are carried out,to form a systematic un⁃derstanding of constitutional invocation cases.On this basis,this article analyzes constitutional invocation with the constitutional fundamentals,and divides it into two types by taking the subject as the criterion for distin⁃guishing constitutional invocation,i.e constitutional invocation of the litigant and constitutional invocation of the court,in order to deeply investigate the specific ways and practical effects of constitutional invocation in judi⁃cial practice and then further confirm the practical value of constitutional invocation in the process of promoting the overall implementation of the constitution.

关 键 词：宪法实施 司法裁判 宪法援引 大数据 宪法观念 

分 类 号：D921[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]