一种容积推拉可调的人工死腔的设计与应用  

Design and application of a push-pull adjustable artificial dead space

作　　者：朱宁 苏芮 周建新[1] 李宏亮 Zhu Ning;Su Rui;Zhou Jianxin;Li Hongliang(Department of Critical Care Medicine,Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University,Beijing 100070,China)

机构地区：[1]首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院重症医学科,北京100070

出　　处：《中华危重病急救医学》2021年第11期1373-1375,共3页Chinese Critical Care Medicine

基　　金：国家实用新型专利(ZL 202020496413.4);首都临床诊疗技术研究及转化应用项目(Z201100005520079)。

摘　　要：通过使用人工死腔来纠正低碳酸血症或诱导高碳酸血症,对于特定神经重症疾病的诊断及治疗具有十分特殊的意义。针对具有人工气道(气管插管、气管切开)的患者,当前主要通过在呼吸管路Y型接头与患者端之间增加一段延长管来实现上述目的,但延长管的容积往往是固定的,无法灵活适用于个体化诊疗的需要。在经过长期机械通气研究的基础上,首都医科大学附属北京天坛医院重症医学科周建新教授的科研团队设计了一种容积推拉可调的人工死腔,并获得了国家实用新型专利(专利号:ZL 202020496413.4)。该人工死腔结构简单,由桶体、活塞头及推拉杆构成,可通过自由调整人工死腔容积的大小来实现对目标二氧化碳的精准调控,在纠正低碳酸血症或诱发高碳酸血症的同时实现纠正自发性过度通气,以达到终止顽固性呃逆以及缩短脑死亡临床诊断中呼吸暂停试验的操作时间等目的,具有可靠性强、操作方便、生产成本低等优点,极大地方便了相关科研及临床诊疗的开展。Using artificial dead space to correct hypocapnia or induce hypercapnia is of particular significance for diagnosing and treating specific neurocritical diseases.At present,the above purpose is mainly achieved by adding an extension tube between the Y-type connector of the ventilator and the artificial airway in clinical practice.However,its volume is often fixed and cannot adapt to the individualized diagnosis and treatment in different clinical scenarios.The research group led by Professor Zhou Jianxin from the department of critical care medicine of Beijing Tiantan Hospital,Capital Medical University,has designed an artificial dead cavity with adjustable volume based on years of research in the respiratory field and has been granted a national utility model patent(patent number:ZL 202020496413.4).The artificial dead chamber is simple in structure,composed of a barrel body,a piston head,and a push-pull rod.By freely adjusting the size of the artificial dead chamber volume,it can accurately regulate the target carbon dioxide,correct the spontaneous hyperventilation,terminate intractable hiccup,and shorten the operation time of asphyxia test in clinical diagnosis of brain death while correcting hypocapnia or inducing hypercapnia.It has the advantages of solid reliability,convenient operation,and low production cost,which significantly facilitates scientific research and clinical diagnosis and treatment.

关 键 词：人工死腔 二氧化碳 过度通气 呃逆 呼吸暂停试验 

分 类 号：R318[医药卫生—生物医学工程]