羊肚菌种袋栽培研究  

Spawn-Bag Cultivation of Morchella

作　　者：赵永昌[1] 刘萍[1] 马渊浩 赵子悦 柴红梅[1] ZHAO Yongchang;LIU Ping;MA Yuanhao;ZHAO Ziyue;CHAI Hongmei(Biotechnology and Genetic Germplasm Resource Research Institute,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Kunming 650205,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院生物技术与种质资源研究所,昆明650205

出　　处：《菌物研究》2021年第4期238-245,共8页Journal of Fungal Research

基　　金：财政部和农业农村部国家现代农业产业技术体系资助项目(CARS-20);国家自然科学基金项目(31960621)。

摘　　要：羊肚菌的大田栽培已在我国进行了十余年,生产规模已超过10万亩,在不断高产出现的同时,区域性连作障碍、病虫害、较高的成本已成为制约产业发展的重要因素。以六妹羊肚菌菌株YAASMJNLM1-25和YAASMJNLM1-31为材料,研究了1种羊肚菌栽培的新方法——种袋栽培技术,以常见的营养袋栽培方法为对照,进行了直接种袋栽培方法和间接种袋栽培方法研究。结果表明:菌丝长满墒面的时间为8~23 d,现原基时间为55~91 d,第一次采收时间为77~110 d,无论是直接种袋栽培法还是间接种袋栽培法,菌丝长满墒面的时间、现原基时间和采收时间均比撒播的营养袋栽培法长,即同一区域同一播种时间,六妹羊肚菌现原基时间和采收时间与菌丝长满墒面的时间相关;墒面污染率和袋(瓶)污染率分别为0~5%和0~25%,与撒播的营养袋栽培法相比,种袋栽培法的墒面和营养基质污染率显著降低,多数处理的污染率为零;试验的最低产量和最高产量分别为(295.00±8.66)g/m^(2)和(466.89±33.67)g/m^(2),虽然组内有显著性差异的处理存在,但组间没有明显的规律性,这种显著差异的产生应该是羊肚菌的环境适应敏感性所致;种袋栽培法实现了羊肚菌菌丝向营养基质和土壤基质的双向生长,营养能有效向土壤基质转移,有利于稳产和减少病虫害;与营养袋栽培法相比,种袋栽培法减少了操作步骤,降低了生产成本。总之,2种方法的研究结果显示,羊肚菌出菇时间与菌丝长满墒面的时间密切相关,这对室内栽培及出菇机制的研究奠定了基础。The field cultivation of morel has been carried out in our country for more than a decade,and the production scale has been more than 100000 mu.The factors including the regional obstacle for continuous cropping,pests and diseases,and growing costs have affected the development of the industry.In this paper,the spawn-bag cultivation for morel growing with Morchella sextelata strains YAASMJNLM1-25 and YAASMJNLM1-31 was studied.The comparison of overgrowing surface time,primordia formation time,first harvest time and harvest period in spawn-bag method and the nutrientbag method commonly used in most growers demonstrated that the overgrowing surface time,primordia formation time and first harvest time of two morel strains were 8-23 d,55-91 d and 77-110 d,respectively.Whether it was the direct-spawn-bag cultivation method or the indirect-spawn-bag cultivation method,the overgrowing surface time,primordia formation time and first harvest time for two morel strains in two test sites were longer than those of the sowing-nutrient-bag cultivation method.The pollution rate of soil surface and nutrient-medium bag(bottle)were 0-5%and 0-25%,respectively,and the pollution rates of soil surface and nutrient-medium bag(bottle)in spawn-bag cultivation method treatments in were significantly lower than those in nutrient-bag cultivation treatments.The minimum yield and maximum yield in the experiment were(295.00±8.66)g/m^(2)and(466.89±33.67)g/m^(2).Although there was a significant difference in the intra-group treatments,there was no obvious regularity of group between treatments,and we assumed that the significant difference caused by the environmental adaptability of morel strains.The spawn-bag method was useful for the mycelial bilateral growth in nutrient media and the soil media,and the nutrients in bags can be transferred effectively to the soil media.Compared with the nutrition-bag cultivation,the spawn-bag method reduced growing processes,and the cultivation cost has also fallen.In all,the results of the two methods showe

关 键 词：六妹羊肚菌 种袋栽培 原基形成 营养基质 

分 类 号：S646[农业科学—蔬菜学] Q949.325[农业科学—园艺学]