羊肚菌菌核的交配型  

Mating Types of Sclerotia in Morchella

作　　者：蒋林林 钱宇洪 凌嘉 李亭廷 杜习慧 JIANG Linlin;QIAN Yuhong;LING Jia;LI Tingting;DU Xihui(College of Life Sciences,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing 401331,China)

机构地区：[1]重庆师范大学生命科学学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《菌物研究》2021年第4期255-262,共8页Journal of Fungal Research

基　　金：重庆市自然科学基金项目(cstc2018jcyjA3693)。

摘　　要：交配型是调控真菌子实体发育和生活史的重要因子。作为羊肚菌生活史中一个有争议的阶段,菌核与交配型的关系研究甚少。以六妹羊肚菌Morchella sextelata和梯棱羊肚菌M.importuna为研究对象,以栽培菌包内的菌核和实验室单孢交配产生的菌核为研究材料,以Morchella sp.Mes-20单孢交配产生的菌核为参考,进行交配型分析。结果发现:1)菌核的交配型呈明显的偏分离现象,六妹羊肚菌和梯棱羊肚菌中交配型为MAT1-1的菌核远多于交配型为MAT1-2的菌核,而Morchella sp.Mes-20中MAT1-2菌核较多于MAT1-1的菌核;2)部分菌核含有2种交配型,但无法确定菌核是由异核体可育菌丝还是由2个交配型的单倍体不育菌丝缠绕组织化形成;3)部分菌核既不具有MAT1-1,也没有MAT1-2,出现交配型全部缺失现象。交配型缺失在羊肚菌菌种退化检测中的应用值得探寻,而羊肚菌菌核的偏分离和交配型缺失的机制及其与菌种选育和子实体产量之间的关系也有待深入研究。Mating-type(MAT)is the key factor regulating the fruiting and life cycle of fungi.As a controversial stage during the life cycle of Morchella,little research is focused on the relationship between sclerotia and mating-type.Herein,we analyzed mating-types of sclerotia from spawn bags and mating experiments of Morchella sextelata and M.importuna,with analysis of sclerotia from mating experiments of Morchella sp.Mes-20 as the reference.The results showed that:1)mating types of sclerotia had obvious distorted segregation,with MAT1-1 sclerotia far more than MAT1-2 ones in Morchella sextelata and M.importuna,but MAT1-2 sclerotia more than MAT1-1 ones in Morchella sp.Mes-20.2)Even though some sclerotia were detected to have two mating types,it could not be determined whether they were formed by fertile mycelium or by twining mass of haploid homonuclear mycelia of two mating types.3)mating-type deletion were indicated in some sclerotia with neither MAT1-1 nor MAT1-2 detected.The application of mating-type deletion in detection of morel strain degradation is worth exploring,and the mechanism of distorted segregation and matingtype deletion in sclerotia,as well as its relationship with strain selection and production,also need to be further studied.

关 键 词：生活史 交配试验 栽培菌包 偏分离 交配型缺失 

分 类 号：Q949.325[生物学—植物学] S646[农业科学—蔬菜学]