抗生素在给水厂中的去除及其对水质的影响研究综述  

Review of Research on Antibiotics Removal and Effects on Water Quality in Waterworks

作　　者：张静 张晓岚 蔡佳男 王敏 李玉仙 齐天天 ZHANG Jing;ZHANG Xiaolan;CAI Jianan;WANG Min;LI Yuxian;QI Tiantian(Technology Institute of Beijing Waterworks Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing Engineering Research Center for Drinking Water Quality,Beijing 100012,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市自来水集团有限责任公司技术研究院,北京市供水水质工程技术研究中心,北京100012

出　　处：《净水技术》2022年第1期23-30,共8页Water Purification Technology

基　　金：水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2017ZX07108002);中国科学院饮用水科学与技术重点实验室开放基金。

摘　　要：抗生素污染对饮用水水源安全造成了严重的威胁,文中对近几年给水厂各工艺对抗生素的处理效果和抗生素对给水厂的影响进行了综述。在传统工艺中,混凝沉淀是去除抗生素的主要工艺,对喹诺酮类、磺胺类、四环素类抗生素去除率可达到50%~60%,且可通过调节混凝剂投量、添加助凝剂PAM等方式增强混凝效果;紫外与氯消毒联合使用时,对易光解抗生素的去除效率可达到30%~50%。臭氧氧化和活性炭池等深度处理工艺亦会促进抗生素的去除,但受臭氧投量、接触时间等因素影响显著,且抗生素会增强炭滤池和管网中微生物的抗药性及耐氯性;在采用NaClO作为消毒剂时,可能会促进毒性较高的氯代/溴代消毒副产物生成。此外,残留抗生素会消耗管网中余氯,还会促进机会性病原体出现,增加饮用水安全风险。Antibiotic pollution poses a serious threat to the safety of drinking water sources. This article reviews the performance of water treatment processes on antibiotics removal in waterworks and also the impact of antibiotics on waterworks. In the traditional waterworks, coagulation is the main process for removing antibiotics with high removal efficiency of 50%~60% for quinolone, thiamine, and tetracycline, respectively, and performance will be further enhanced by adjusting coagulant dose or using coagulant aid, such as PAM. Photodegradable antibiotics will be well removed with efficiency of 30%~50% when UV and chlorine disinfection were cooperatively applied. Advanced water treatment processes, such as ozone oxidation and activated carbon filter will further promote the removal of antibiotics, depending on the dose of ozone and contacting time. However, antibiotics will enhance the antibiotic resistance and chlorine resistance of microorganisms in activated carbon filters and drinking-water distribution system;when NaClO is used as a disinfectant, it may promote the formation of chlorinated/brominated disinfection by-products with higher toxicity. In addition, antibiotics will consume residual chlorine in drinking-water distribution system, and will also promote the emergence of opportunistic pathogens, increasing the safety risk of drinking water.

关 键 词：抗生素 给水厂 抗药性 耐氯性 消毒副产物 

分 类 号：TU991.2[建筑科学—市政工程]