环境风对高层建筑楼梯井内火灾烟气运动特性的影响  

Influence of Ambient Wind on Fire Smoke Movement Characteristics in High-rise Building Stairwells

作　　者：袁威 梁栋 褚燕燕 王伟 YUAN Wei;LIANG Dong;CHU Yanyan;WANG Wei(School of Intelligent Systems Engineering,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Science and Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China;School of Material Science and Engineering,Sun Yat-sen University,Guangzhou 510006,China;Fire Fighting Theory Research Office,Shanghai Fire Research Institute of MEM,Shanghai 200032,China)

机构地区：[1]中山大学智能工程学院,广东广州510006 [2]广东省消防科学技术重点实验室,广东广州510006 [3]中山大学材料科学与工程学院,广东广州510006 [4]应急管理部上海消防研究所灭火理论研究室,上海200032

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2022年第1期33-38,共6页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：广东省重点领域研发计划项目(2019B111102002);国家自然科学基金项目(51606226);广东省自然科学基金项目(2021A1515010903);中山大学材料科学与工程学院-2020年校级本科教学质量工程类项目;贵州省科技计划项目(黔科合支撑[2020]4Y055号)。

摘　　要：环境风会影响高层建筑楼梯井内火灾烟气的运动特性。以广州市某地真实高层建筑楼梯井为原型,采用理论分析和数值模拟相结合的方法,利用火灾动力学仿真软件FDS建立该16层高层建筑楼梯井全尺寸FDS数值模型,对环境风作用下高层建筑楼梯井内火灾烟气运动规律展开数值模拟研究,分析不同窗户开合状态、不同风向和不同风速条件下环境风对高层建筑楼梯井内火灾烟气运动特性的影响。结果表明:(1)开启楼梯井上部窗户在一定程度上会加速火灾烟气的蔓延;(2)在相同的环境风速条件下,背风向楼梯井内部火灾烟气的蔓延速度略快于迎风向;(3)随着环境风速的增大,楼梯井内火灾烟气的蔓延速度加快但对楼梯井内温升速度的抑制作用增强,以60℃作为火灾烟气前锋温度,当环境风速为2 m/s时火灾烟气前锋到达3.5 m高度测点所需的时间比环境风速为4 m/s时快1.7 s。Ambient wind can affect the smoke movement characteristics in stairwells of high-rise buildings.Taking a real building stairwell in Guangzhou as a prototype, combined with theoretical analysis and numerical simulation, this paper establishes a full-size FDS numerical model of the sixteen-floor high-rise building stairwell and studies the smoke movement in a high-rise building stairwell under the action of ambient wind.It also analyzes the influence of ambient wind on the movement characteristics of smoke in stairwells of high-rise buildings under different window opening and closing conditions, different wind directions and different wind speeds.The results show that opening the upper windows of the stairwell accelerates the spread of fire smoke to a certain extent;under the same wind speed, the spread of fire smoke inside the stairwell in the leeward direction is slightly faster than that in the windward direction;with the increase of ambient wind speed, the spreading speed of fire smoke in the stairwell increases, but the inhibitory effect on the temperature rise in the well is enhanced.Taking 60℃ as the fire smoke front temperature, when the ambient wind speed is 2 m/s, the time for the smoke front to reach the 3.5 m height measurement point is 1.7 s faster than that at 4 m/s.

关 键 词：环境风 高层建筑 楼梯井 火灾烟气运动 FDS 

分 类 号：X928.7[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TU998.1[建筑科学—市政工程]