老挝土地利用及水土流失现状调查研究——以南乌河流域为例  

Investigation and Research on the Land Use and Soil and Water loss in Laos——region:A Case Study of Nam Ou River Basin

作　　者：聂文婷[1,3] 邓灵敏 胡波 黄金权 张志华[1,3] NIE Wenting;Yang Jing;Hu Bo;Huang Jinquan;Zhang Zhihua(Changjiang Scientific Research Institute,Wuhan 430010,China;Lancang-Mekong Water Resource Cooperation Center,Wuhan 430010,China;Research Center on Mountain Flood and Geological Disaster Prevention of the Ministry of Water Resources,Wuhan 430010,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水利委员会长江科学院,湖北武汉430010 [2]澜湄水资源合作中心,湖北武汉430010 [3]水利部山洪地质灾害防治工程技术研究中心,湖北武汉430010

出　　处：《长江技术经济》2021年第6期93-99,共7页Technology and Economy of Changjiang

基　　金：长江科学院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(CKSF2021446/TB)。

摘　　要：南乌河流域水土流失区域被高密度森林遮蔽,森林覆盖率达到82.97%,水土流失呈零星分布,极具隐蔽性,局部侵蚀强烈。由于流域内迁移农业仍存在,水土流失随着迁移农业的耕地零散分布,造成水土流失面积扩大和侵蚀强度加深,流失面积达到3441.3 km2,强烈以上流失占比23.31%。对村庄周围零碎地的疏于管理和使用不当影响了居住环境,造成水土流失和面源污染。同时,未正式成立水土保持有关的政府部门管理机构,未建立水土保持相关管理制度,水土保持社会意识有待提高,亟需保护原生森林植被,强化生产建设活动和水土保持管理,促进自然修复,全面预防水土流失。应在流域内开展预防保护、综合治理和监督管理的水土流失防治措施,如在水土流失地区开展以小流域为单元的山水田园路综合治理,加强村庄周围坡耕地治理、山区径流调控及农村水利水保设施建设;建立综合监管体系、机制体制,开展水土保持动态监测与预警。The soil and water loss area of Nam Ou River is covered by high-density forest,with a forest coverage rate of 82.97%;they are distributed sporadically,highly elusive and intense locally.There’s high randomness of cultivated lands and 468.89 km2 alternate field still exists,thus resulting in heavier soil and water loss and erosion;soil and water loss area reaches 3,441.3 km2 and proportion of loss above intense is 23.31%.Poor management and improper use of scattered lands around the village have affected the living environment,leading to soil and water loss and non-point source pollution.No relevant governmental management department is established for managing soil and water conservation and social awareness for soil and water conservation needs to be improved.

关 键 词：水土流失 水土保持 南乌河流域 土地利用 湄公河 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]