棚架下垂叶幕与水平叶幕对香百川葡萄叶片光合特性的影响  

Comparison of leaf photosynthetic characteristics of pendulous canopy and horizontal canopy in Chambourcin grape

作　　者：范东英 王浩 傅彩琦 郑秋玲[1] 高振[1] 康慧 杜远鹏[1] FAN Dongying;WANG Hao;FU Caiqi;ZHENG Qiuling;GAO Zhen;KANG Hui;DU Yuanpeng(College of Horticulture Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University/State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/Shandong Collaborative Innovation Center of Fruit&Vegetable Quality and Efficient Production,Tai’an 271018,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院·作物生物学国家重点实验室·山东果蔬优质高效生产协同创新中心,山东泰安271018

出　　处：《果树学报》2022年第2期193-202,共10页Journal of Fruit Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2019YFD1000101);国家葡萄产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-29)。

摘　　要：【目的】比较棚架下垂叶幕和水平叶幕下葡萄叶片臭氧伤害状况以及对光合性能的影响。【方法】以5年生的葡萄品种香百川为试材,利用臭氧监测仪监测7—9月份栽培环境中臭氧浓度,采用CIRAS-3便携式光合作用测定仪和Handy PEA测定2种叶幕叶片的净光合速率和荧光特性。【结果】下垂叶幕缓解了臭氧伤害情况,其主梢叶片发生臭氧伤害的比例在6月和7月均低于水平叶幕。成熟期时下垂叶幕主副梢叶片叶绿素总含量均显著高于水平叶幕。下垂叶幕主梢中部功能叶片净光合速率在转色期和成熟期分别高于水平叶幕13%~56%和28%~99%。水平叶幕的PSⅡ最大光化学量子产量(F_(v)/F_(m))在转色期时比下垂叶幕低3.08%;水平叶幕叶片单位面积内有活性反应中心的数量(RC/CS_(m))与反应中心吸收的光能用于电子传递的量子产额(φ_(Eo))在转色期和成熟期均显著低于下垂叶幕;水平叶幕J点相对可变荧光(V_(j))与用(F_(m)–F_(o))进行标准化后K点相对可变荧光(W_(k))在转色期和成熟期时均高于下垂叶幕,其PSⅡ受体侧及放氧复合体受到的伤害程度更高。【结论】棚架下垂叶幕减少了强光直射时间,从而缓解了臭氧对PSⅡ的伤害,增加了叶片的叶绿素含量和叶片净光合速率。【Objective】This study compared the ozone damage and photosynthetic performance of grape leaves in pendulous canopy and horizontal canopy.【Methods】Five-year-old Chambourcin grapevines were selected as the experimental materials.Ozone concentration in the air was monitored from July to September using an ozone monitor,and ozone damage in pendulous canopy and horizontal canopy was recorded according to the degree of damage on the leaves.Determinations of leaf area and total chlorophyll content in leaves of primary and lateral shoots from both canopy types were conducted at berry maturity stage.The net photosynthetic rate and fluorescence characteristics of leaves from the two canopy types were measured using a CIRAS-3 portable photosynthesis meter and a Handy PEA.【Results】During the experiment,the air ozone concentration at the Taian Zhongqing winery site(117.21°E,36.17°N) was monitored in real time,and the daily maximum ozone concentration ranged from 14 n L·;1to 56 n L·;1from June to September,with the highest ozone concentration occurring on July 4th and the lowest on June 28th.The average daily maximum ozone concentration from June to September was 30.6 n L·;1,and the ozone concentration decreased after the commence of rainy season in late July.The ozone damage was mitigated by adopting pendulous canopy,and the ozone injury incidence in leaves of primary shoots of the pendulous canopy was lower than that of the horizontal canopy in June and July.The degree of ozone injury to leaves of the primary and lateral shoots of the pendulous canopy was significantly lower than that of the horizontal canopy in June,and the number of leaves in the primary and lateral shoots without injury was 169.34%and 4.66%higher than that of the horizontal canopy,respectively.The difference in leaf area in the primary shoots between the two canopy types was not significant,while leaf area in the lateral shoots in the pendulous canopy was significantly(53.25%) higher than that of the horizontal canopy.The total chlorophyl

关 键 词：葡萄 叶幕类型 臭氧 光合特性 

分 类 号：S663.1[农业科学—果树学]