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作 者:王慧 李兴红[1] 李永华 张玮[1] 燕继晔[1] WANG Hui;LI Xinghong;LI Yonghua;ZHANG Wei;YAN Jiye(Beijing Key Laboratory of Environment Friendly Management on Fruit Diseases and Pests in North China/Institute of Plant and Environment Protection,Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Beijing 100097,China)
机构地区:[1]北方果树病虫害绿色防控北京市重点实验室·北京市农林科学院植物保护环境保护研究所,北京100097
出 处:《果树学报》2022年第2期280-294,共15页Journal of Fruit Science
基 金:北京市农林科学院杰出科学家培育专项(JKZX201905);财政部和农业农村部:国家现代农业产业技术体系资助。
摘 要:葡萄枝干病害(Grape Trunk Diseases,GTDs)是一类由多种病原真菌引起的葡萄枝干性病害的统称。目前该类病害在国内外的葡萄生产区普遍发生,且缺乏高效的防控技术,导致发生区的葡萄产量和品质下降风险逐步加大。对葡萄枝干病害在世界范围内的发生危害、症状特点、病原菌种类、发生规律和防控技术等进行了全面综述,并对葡萄枝干病害未来的研究方向进行了展望。相关信息为今后葡萄枝干病害乃至其他果树枝干病害的发生与防控研究提供了一定的借鉴。Grape trunk Diseases(GTDs) is a general term for the grape trunk diseases caused by a variety of pathogenic fungi, includes ESCA complex disease, Eutypa dieback, Botryosphaeria dieback,black foot disease and Diaporthe dieback. At present, GTDs happen in grape production area both at home and abroad, and it leads to a gradual increase in the risk of global grape yield and quality decline in case of lacking of efficient prevention and control technology. This paper provides a comprehensive review of the occurrence and damage of grape trunk diseases worldwide, their symptoms, pathogenic species, occurrence pattern and control measures, as well as an outlook on future research directions for grape trunk diseases. Firstly, this review documented most of reports of grape trunk disease from thirtysix countries in world, eight countries have found five kinds of GTDs, which are France, Spain, America, Australian, South Africa, Italy, Czech Republic and China, and seventeen countries have reported two or four kinds of GTDs. The more details were described in section one. Secondly, we listed typical symptoms of five main grape trunk diseases and their related pathogens. Thirdly, the epidemical regularity of each kind of GTDs is in detail documented and their developmental conditions(air temperature,relative humidity, rainfall, etc.) are described. Their main pathogens can be detected at the wound area caused by pruning or curved for covering with soil. Spore maturation and sporulation need humid environmental conditions and a wide temperature range from 5 to 40 ℃. After successive rains, conidia and sporangium of four kinds of GTDs spread through the air, except for black foot disease. Campylocarpon spp. and Cylindrocarpon spp. are the main pathogens of black foot disease, which lives in free water of the soil. Wounds at root site and interface of grafting position are probably the entrance for pathogens to infect black foot disease. Wounds caused by pruning supplied infection sites for the pathogens of other four kinds o
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