秦岭东段不同密度油松飞播林地表可燃物载量及其影响因素研究  

Surface Fuel Loads and Influencing Factors on Aerial Seeding Pinus tabuliformis Forests with Different Densities in the Eastern Qinling Montains

作　　者：赵璇 游玮 晁志 李书学 卢永民 庞越 吴普侠 王得祥[1] ZHAO Xuan;YOU Wei;CHAO Zhi;LI Shu-xue;LU Yong-min;PANG Yue;WU Pu-xia;WANG De-xiang(College of Forestry,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China;Shanyang Forestry Integrated Service Centre, Shanyang 726400,Shaanxi,China;Liuling State-owned Forest Farm,Danfeng 726200,Shaanxi,China;Key Laboratory of National Administration of Forestry and Grass on Soil and Water Conservation & Ecological Restoration of the Loess Plateau, Shaanxi Academy of Forestry,Xi'an 710000,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨陵712100 [2]陕西省山阳县林业综合服务中心,陕西山阳726400 [3]陕西省丹凤县流岭国有林场,陕西丹凤726200 [4]陕西省林业科学院黄土高原水土保持与生态修复国家林业和草原局重点实验室,陕西西安710000

出　　处：《西北林学院学报》2022年第1期159-165,共7页Journal of Northwest Forestry University

基　　金：陕西省林业科技项目(SXLK20210201)。

摘　　要：对秦岭东段油松飞播林地表可燃物载量进行系统测定,比较不同密度林分之间的差异,分析林分因子对地表可燃物载量的影响,为油松飞播林可燃物管理、林火预测预报及林分健康经营提供科学依据。在秦岭东段丹凤县流岭飞播林基地44 a油松飞播林中设置3个密度梯度共14块样方,调查样方内地表可燃物载量及相关林分因子,通过方差分析和相关性分析得出不同密度油松飞播林地表可燃物载量差异及林分因子与地表可燃物载量的关系。结果表明,1)秦岭东段油松飞播林地表可燃物载量为19.90~58.08 t·hm^(-2),其中64%的林分可燃物载量超过发生重特大森林火灾的临界条件——30 t·hm^(-2)。各类型可燃物中,下层枯落物载量占比最大。2)不同密度林分地表可燃物总载量由大到小表现为:低密度、高密度、中密度。下层枯落物载量表现为低密度林分显著大于中、高密度林分。灌木枯枝1 h时滞可燃物载量表现为高密度林分显著大于中密度林分。地表枯枝1 h时滞可燃物载量表现为高密度林分显著大于低密度林分。3)地表可燃物载量与林分因子的关系表现为灌木枯枝1 h时滞可燃物载量和地表枯枝1 h时滞可燃物载量与密度呈正相关,与枝下高、胸径、树高呈负相关;灌木枯枝10 h时滞可燃物载量与树高和冠幅呈负相关;草本层可燃物载量与冠幅呈正相关。秦岭东段油松飞播林地表可燃物载量大,有发生较大森林火灾的物质基础。不同密度林分地表可燃物载量差异较大。密度、胸径、树高、枝下高和冠幅对不同可燃物载量有不同程度的影响。对该区域油松飞播林进行可燃物调控和林火管理的关键是定期清理林下枯枝落叶和易燃灌草,合理调整林分密度并引进难燃阔叶树种营造结构合理的防火混交林。This study investigated the surface fuel loads(SFLs)of aerial seeding Pinus tabuliformis forests occurring in the eastern Qinling Mountains,China.The relationship between SFLs and stand factors were analyzed,and the differences in SFLs among the stands with different densities were compared.The results would provide scientific data and guidance for fuel management,forest fire forecast and forest health management.Forteen typical 44-year-old aerial seeding P.tabuliformis forest plots with three densities were set up.The effects of forest density on fuel loads and the correlations between fuel loads and stand factors were examined by ANOVA correlation analysis methods.1)The total fuel loads were between 19.90-58.08 t·hm^(-2),in which 64%of the plots were greater than the critical condition to trigger the most serious forest fires(30 t·hm^(-2)).The under falling loads accounted for the largest proportion of the SFLs.2)The total fuel loads of the forests with different densities were in the order of low density,high density,middle density.The under falling loads of low density forests were significantly larger than the middle density forests and the high density forests.The 1-hour time lag fuel loads of the high density forest dead woods was significantly larger than the middle density forests.The 1-hour time lag fuel loads surface deadwood of the high density forests were significantly larger than the low density forests.3)The analysis of the relationship between the SFLs and stand factors indicated that the 1-hour time lag fuel loads of bush deadwoods and surface dead woods were positively correlated with stand density,and were negatively correlated with under branch height,DBH and height.The 10-hour time lag fuel loads of bush dead woods was negatively correlated with height and crown.The herb layer fuel loads were correlated positively with crown.The aerial seeding P.tabuliformis forests in the eastern Qinling Mountains had the potential as the material basis for the occurrence of forest fires,because the SFLs

关 键 词：油松飞播林 地表可燃物载量 密度梯度 林分因子 

分 类 号：S762.1[农业科学—森林保护学]