东北非VMS矿床地质特征与研究进展  

Geology of VMS deposits in Northeast Africa and their research progress

作　　者：向文帅[1,2] 赵凯 曾国平 李福林[2] 王建雄[2] 胡鹏[2] 张紫程 XIANG Wenshuai;ZHAO Kai;ZENG Guoping;LI Fulin;WANG Jianxiong;HU Peng;ZHANG Zicheng(China University of Geosciences(Beijing),Beijing 100083,China;Wuhan Center of China Geological Survey,Wuhan 430205,Hubei,China;China Geological Mining Company Ltd.,Beijing 100029,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京),北京100083 [2]中国地质调查局武汉地质调查中心,湖北武汉430205 [3]中国地质矿业有限公司,北京100029

出　　处：《地质通报》2022年第1期129-140,共12页Geological Bulletin of China

基　　金：中国地质调查局项目《北部非洲大型铜金资源基地评价》(编号:DD20190443)。

摘　　要：东北非地区主要包括埃及、苏丹、厄立特里亚和埃塞俄比亚。该地区金、银、铜、锌等矿产资源丰富,主要矿床类型为VMS(火山成因块状硫化物)矿床。自发现Ariab、Bisha等大型VMS矿床以来,各国矿业公司在东北非地区开展勘探和开发,并新发现大量矿床,铜、金等矿产资源量不断增加。通过对区域内各国VMS矿床的勘查、研究进展进行梳理和总结,以期为本地区开展矿产勘查和投资开发的企业提供参考。区内VMS矿床围岩多为双峰式偏长英质火山岩,与火山弧岩石组合有一定相关性,主要控矿因素为剪切带、褶皱和具有一定特征的变质火山沉积岩系,矿床形成集中于3个阶段,时间跨度为890~695 Ma,矿床形成于两类古构造环境,即洋内汇聚板块边缘的岛弧环境和弧后盆地环境。许多矿床都经历了近地表氧化和表生富集作用,金和铜在浅层相对富集。已发现的矿床主要位于东北非努比亚地盾偏中北部地区,集中于Barka、Gabgaba、Eastern Desert地体,找矿有利区位于Barka、Nakasib、Keraf、Nugrus缝合带附近。The Northeast Africa mainly includes Egypt,Sudan,Eritrea and Ethiopia,hosting rich mineral resources such as gold,silver,copper and zinc,and the main types of mineral deposits are VMS.Since the discovery of large VMS deposits such as Ariab and Bisha,mining companies from various countries have been conducting exploration and mining in this region,and the discovery of a large number of new deposits elevate the mineral resources of copper and gold.The summary of exploration and research progress of VMS deposits in those countries can provide references for enterprises that carry out mineral exploration and investment in this region.The host rocks of VMS deposits in this region are mainly bimodal felsic volcanic rocks,which indicate a certain correlation with the volcanic arc rock combination,and the main controlling factors for the deposits are shear zones,folds and characteristic metamorphosed volcanic-sedimentary series.The ages of these deposits are mainly concentrated in three stages ranging from 890 Ma to 695 Ma,and were formed in two types of paleotectonic environments,island arc on the margins of convergent plates and back-arc basin in the oceans.Most deposits experienced near-surface oxidation and supergene enrichment,with gold and copper relatively enriched near surface.The discovered VMS deposits are mainly distributed in the north-central part of the Arabian Nubian Shield,including Barka,Gabgaba,Eastern Desert terranes,and the prospects are near the Barka,Nakasib,Keraf,and Nugrus suture zones.

关 键 词：VMS矿床 东北非 努比亚地盾 成矿规律 矿产勘查工程 

分 类 号：P618.4[天文地球—矿床学] P618.5[天文地球—地质学]