菜子湖候鸟越冬期适应性水位下湿地生境及水鸟分布  

Wetland habitat area and waterfowl species composition during wintering period in Caizi Lake under adaptive water level

作　　者：李红清[1] 江波[1] 周立志[2] 杨寅群[1] 吴师 成波 蔡金洲[1] LI Hongqing;JIANG Bo;ZHOU Lizhi;YANG Yinqun;WU Shi;CHENG Bo;CAI Jingzhou(Changjiang Water Resources Protection Institute,Wuhan 430051,China;College of Resources and Environment Engineering,Anhui University,Hefei 230031,China;Anhui Survey&Design Institute of Water Resources&Hydropower CO.,Ltd.,Hefei 230088,China)

机构地区：[1]长江水资源保护科学研究所,湖北武汉430051 [2]安徽大学资源与环境工程学院,安徽合肥230031 [3]安徽省水利水电勘测设计研究总院有限公司,安徽合肥230088

出　　处：《人民长江》2022年第1期90-96,共7页Yangtze River

基　　金：安徽省引江济淮工程有限责任公司科技项目(YJJH-ZT-ZX-20180404062)。

摘　　要：菜子湖线是引江济淮工程双线引江布局的主力线路,对保障工程安全运行和维护工程效益意义重大。分析菜子湖候鸟越冬期适应性水位下重要水鸟种群数量、种群空间分布格局和群落结构、水鸟栖息地选择,可以为工程运行期菜子湖水位优化调度提供科学依据。以菜子湖湿地水位、湿地生境类型、水鸟等为研究对象,综合遥感影像数据解译和越冬水鸟监测等方法,初步分析了菜子湖候鸟越冬期适应性水位下湿地生境及湿地水鸟分布。结果表明:相比于历史情况,适应性水位下菜子湖泥滩面积将减少447.2~627.9 hm^(2),减幅7.4%~10.4%;菜子湖草本沼泽面积将减少85.4~157.5 hm^(2),减幅1.9%~3.5%。越冬期菜子湖水鸟种群数量基本维持在20000只以上的水平,适应性水位下监测到的国家重点保护水鸟和国际重要湿地1%标准水鸟均达到9种。研究结果为分析水位逐步抬升对湿地生境、重要水鸟种群数量和分布格局的影响提供了重要数据基础,对菜子湖水位优化调控具有重要意义。As the one of the two main lines of the Yangtze-to-Huaihe River Diversion Project,Caizi Lake line plays an important role in ensuring the safe operation and maintaining the benefit of the project.It is important to analyze the number of important waterfowl populations,the spatial distribution pattern and community structure of migratory birds,and the habitat selection for migratory bird under adaptive water level,since it could provide scientific basis for the optimal scheduling of Caizi Lake water level during the operation period.In this paper,wetland water level,waterfowl habitat,and waterfowl population were taken as research objects,and remote sensing data interpretation and wintering waterfowl monitoring methods were comprehensively used to preliminarily analyze the distribution of wetland habitat and waterfowl population under the adaptive water level.The results show that Caizi Lake will lose about 447.2~627.9 hm^(2)(7.4%~10.4%)of mudflats and 85.4~157.5 hm^(2)(1.9%~3.5%)of herbaceous marsh,compared to the historical situation.The number of waterfowl populations in Caizi Lake during the wintering period is basically maintained at the level of more than 20000,the national key protected waterfowl and the 1%standard waterfowl of international importance wetlands under the adaptive water level were 9.The results of the study provide foundations for analyzing the effects of gradual change in water level on wetland habitats,the number and distribution patterns of important waterfowl populations.It is of great significance for the optimization and regulation of the water level of Caizi Lake.

关 键 词：候鸟越冬期 适应性水位 湿地生境 水鸟监测 菜子湖湿地 

分 类 号：Q958.12[生物学—动物学]