关于弓形器的用途和定名问题  

On the Use and Naming of Bow-shaped Bronzes

作　　者：王鹏[1] Wang Peng

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院考古研究所

出　　处：《南方文物》2021年第5期98-105,共8页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：中国社会科学院"学者资助计划"(XQ2020003);中国社会科学院创新工程(2021KGYJ012);国家社会科学基金重点项目(21AKG006)成果。

摘　　要：自"挂缰钩"说提出以来,大多数学者都接受了弓形器用于绊挂缰绳,以解放御者双手的观点。"挂缰钩"说成立的前提是弓形器专属于御者,因为只有御人才掌握缰绳。但车马坑及墓葬的实例,说明了一车多器现象的客观存在。多件一组的弓形器,显然分属于车上包括御者在内的所有成员,而并不专属于御者。推测弓形器是一种"安全钩",系在腰间,用于钩挂绑缚在前阑或辕、衡上的"安全绳",以克服马车突然起动、加速时产生的惯性,防护驾、乘者的安全,其很有可能是金文中的"■",即传世文献中的"绥"。This paper discusses the functions of the bow—shaped objects recovered in Yin and Zhou dynasty remains in China,and in Karasuk culture in South Siberia in Russia.These bow-shaped objects are ambiguous to both Chinese and Russian researchers in ternis of their morphology and functions,thus having been on the hot debate for a long time.If the only function of the bow—shaped implements is to hold reins,they must be only related to the charioteen,since only the charioteen control the reins.However,some findings are not in accord with the hypothesis.For example,in Dasikong Ml75 burial of Yinxu site,and in Ml burial of Podkuninskie Mountains site in South Siberia,two bow-shaped objects were found in one tomb,which buried one chariot or members belong to one chariot.The extra bow-shaped object obviously did not serve for the same function to the sole charioteer at the same time.Moreover,there are also some tombs discovered with even more bow-shaped objects in groups.Specimens in the same group are of the same size,shape and pattern,which are considered as applied for one specific chariot.Therefore,these bow-shaped objects are not only related to the charioteers,but also to the passengers.We suppose that the bow-shaped implement serves as"safety belt"for both the charioteer and passengers on the chariot,for the safety purpose when in motion.The bow-shaped object probably the hieroglyph"SM in the bronze inscription,and the word"■"in ancient literature.

关 键 词：商周文化 南西伯利亚 弓形器 绥 

分 类 号：K86[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]