殷商“伯”的分类与意义考  

The Classification and Significance of"Bo"in Yin and Shang Dynasties

作　　者：江俊伟 Jiang Junwei

机构地区：[1]中山大学博雅学院

出　　处：《南方文物》2021年第5期118-124,共7页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金第68批面上项目"新见甲骨金文与殷周政治区域研究"(2020M683013);中山大学高校基本科研业务费青年教师团队(中青年教师科研能力提升)项目"中青年教师科研能力提升-博雅学院"(2021qntd51)资助。

摘　　要：殷商“伯”的性质至今仍存在争议。透过全面整理殷墟甲骨文内容,并按事类比例逐一分析,可知卜辞中存在三种“伯”:第一种占大多数,为服属于殷商王室的族群首领,卜辞称“某伯”或“伯某”,他们主要参与军事行动和受王命,与王室关系相对稳定;第二是“某方”的首领,一般称“某方伯”;第三是“某方”下属的族群首领,称“某伯”。后二者大多为被征伐或献祭的对象,属殷商境外的族群势力从“伯”的内容特点以及人头骨刻辞的特征来看,“伯”当指殷商境内与境外非殷商宗室的地方族群首领。There are three kinds of "Bo" in o acle bone inscriptions of Yin Ruins.The first is the leader of the ethnic group under the jurisdiction of Yin Dynasty, "some Bo, or " Bo some " in Oracle Inscriptions.They mainly participated in military operations and were ordered by the king,and their relationship with the royal fam1 ly was relatively stable." Bo " in oracle inscriptions mostly belongs to this kind.The second is the leader of " some Fang(Refers to foreign countries) ",commonly known as " some rang Bo ".The third is the leader of the ethnic group under the jurisdiction of " some Bo".The latter two are mostly targets of attack or human sacrifice,belonging to the ethnic group under the foreign countries.From the oracle bone inscriptions, "Bo" should refer to the leaders of local ethnic groups within and outside the territory of the Yin Dynasty.

关 键 词：甲骨文 伯 首领 军事 方伯 

分 类 号：K223[历史地理—历史学] K877.1[历史地理—中国史]