陕西周公庙遗址人和动物骨骼的C、N稳定同位素分析  

Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotope Analysis of the Human and Animal Bones from the Zhougongmiao Site,Shaanxi

作　　者：李楠[1,2] 何嘉宁 李钊[3] 种建荣 杨颖亮 潘岩 Li Nan;He Jianing;Li Zhao;Zhong Jianrong;Yang Yingliang;Pan Yan

机构地区：[1]北京大学考古文博学院 [2]北京大学中国考古学研究中心 [3]陕西省考古研究院

出　　处：《南方文物》2021年第5期173-179,共7页Cultural Relics in Southern China

基　　金：中国博士后面上项目(2021M690210);国家社会科学基金项目(20BKG035)资助。

摘　　要：本文对周公庙遗址出土的人和动物骨骼进行了C、N稳定同位素分析,以期了解西周时期关中地区周人的生业方式及采邑型聚落内的社会状况。数据显示,狗和大部分猪为家养杂食,少部分猪可能为山林放养;牛、羊采取野外放养与家庭圈养相结合的饲养方式;鹿为野生资源,未见人为饲养证据。先民的日常食物以C4类作物(粟、黍)为主导,动物蛋白主要来源于家畜男性的δ^(13)C、δ^(15)N平均值高于女性,下层贵族的δ^(13)C、δ^(15)N平均值高于普通平民,但均未有显著性差异。综合同位素数据及动、植物考古学研究可知,周公庙遗址西周时期农业得到较大发展,形成以粟作农业为主体、家畜养殖为辅助、采集狩猎为补充的复合型生业模式,中下层个体间生活方式及食物结构差异不大,社会整体较为稳定。By stable isotope(C,N) analysis of humax and atimal bones unearthed from the Zhougongmiao site,we reconstructed their feeding practices and subsistence strategies.Results indicatc that dogs and most pigs were highly domesticated with a diet similar to that of human.Only a few pigs grew in the wild.Cattel and sheep were raised both in captivity and in the field.All of the deer were hunted from the wild.Humans mainly lived on C4plapts(millet) and obtained animal protein from livestock.Males have higher meanδ^(13) C andδδ^(15) N values than females,but the differences are not significant.The same goes for low-level nobles and common people.In light of stable isotope,paleoethnobotany and zooarchaeology data,we conclude that residents at Zhougongmiao site had a multiple economy which was based on millet agriculture and supplemented by livestock husbandry.Also,they could get wild animals by hunting and gathering.The lifestyle and diet of the middle and lower classes were similar,and the whole society as a fiefdom was rather stable.

关 键 词：周公庙遗址 商周时期 稳定同位素 食物结构 生业方式 

分 类 号：K878.6[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学] Q915[历史地理—历史学] Q981[天文地球—古生物学与地层学]