附睾精子抗氧化保护机制研究进展  

Research Progress on Antioxidation Protection of Sperm in Epididymis

作　　者：许娇霞 张家新[1] XU Jiaoxia;ZHANG Jiaxin(Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding & Reproduction,College of Animal Science,Inner Mongolia Agricultura University,Hohhot 010018,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古农业大学动物科学学院,内蒙古自治区动物遗传育种与繁殖重点实验室,呼和浩特010018

出　　处：《中国畜牧兽医》2022年第1期91-97,共7页China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine

基　　金：内蒙古自治区科技重大专项“内蒙古绒山羊种质资源保护、创新及智慧养殖技术集成示范”(2021ZD0012)。

摘　　要：通过附睾转运,精子经历了一系列的生化和形态变化逐渐成熟,在精子成熟的过程中,其胞质成分含量逐渐减少,因此精子对氧化应激更为敏感,进而导致精子结构和功能受到损害,故而附睾管腔微环境中抗氧化酶的作用非常重要。活性氧(ROS)在精子功能中起着双重作用:生理水平的ROS可促进精子受精前的获能,而过高水平ROS则会导致精子发生氧化损伤。在附睾中清除多余ROS的抗氧化酶主要有超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GPXs)以及过氧化物酶(PRDXs),但是不同年龄的哺乳动物附睾不同部位中各种抗氧化酶的含量均会发生变化,不同抗氧化酶对ROS也具有不同的清除机制。当附睾缺乏某一抗氧化酶时,会使精子DNA受损、精子质量下降,最终导致异常生殖结果增加。因此,哺乳动物附睾中各类抗氧化酶需要相互协调将ROS维持在生理水平,但有关这方面的研究报道较少。附睾上皮细胞分泌的抗氧化酶以附睾小体的形式传递给精子,以清除自身有氧代谢以及异常精子所产生的ROS,进而保护精子正常成熟。作者综述了附睾精子所面临的氧化应激以及附睾中各类抗氧化酶对精子的保护作用。Through epididymal transport,sperm undergo a series of biochemical and morphological changes and gradually acquire maturation.During the process of sperm maturation,most of its cytoplasmic components are lost,sperm are more sensitive to oxidative stress,which lead to the damage of sperm structure and function.Therefore,the role of antioxidant enzymes in the epididymal cavity microenvironment is very important.Reactive oxygen species(ROS)play a dual role in sperm function:Physiological levels of ROS can promote the pre-fertilization capacitation of sperm,while high levels of ROS can lead to oxidative damage of sperm.Antioxidant enzymes that remove excess ROS from the epididymis include superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),glutathione peroxidase(GPXs)and peroxidase(PRDXs),however,the contents of different antioxidant enzymes in epididymis varied with the parts of epididymis and animal ages,and different antioxidant enzymes have different scavenging mechanisms to ROS.When the epididymis lacks a certain antioxidant enzyme,the sperm DNA is damaged,the sperm quality is reduced,and eventually leads to increased abnormal reproductive outcomes.Obviously antioxidant enzymes in mammalian epididymis need to coordinate with each other to maintain ROS at physiological level,however there are few reports on this topic at present.The antioxidant enzymes secreted by epididymal epithelial cells are transported to sperm in the form of epididymosome,which can eliminate ROS produced by their own aerobic metabolism and abnormal sperm,and ensure the normal maturation of sperm.This paper reviewed the oxidative stress of epididymal sperm and the protective effect of various antioxidant enzymes in epididymis on sperm.

关 键 词：附睾 精子 抗氧化酶 活性氧 氧化应激 

分 类 号：Q492.4[生物学—生理学]