可行能力视角下智障者及其监护人养老困境与形成机制研究——基于西安市的个案访谈分析  

A Study on the Endowment Dilemma and Formation Mechanism of the Intellectual Disabilities and Their Guardians from the Perspective of Feasible Ability:Based on the Case Interviews in Xi′an

作　　者：许琳[1] 王强[1] XU Lin;WANG Qiang(School of Pubilc Management, Northwest University, Xi’an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学公共管理学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《西北大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2022年第1期146-160,共15页Journal of Northwest University：Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“家庭政策视角下智障者及其监护人养老面临的困境及对策研究”(19BSH185);陕西省哲学社会科学重大理论与现实问题研究项目《智障者及其监护人养老需求及其影响因素分析》(2021ND0367)。

摘　　要：残障者的养老问题比普通老人更为复杂,尤其是智障者及其监护人的养老面临更多的困难。基于可行能力理论,本文对西安市12名智障者监护人进行半结构式访谈和参与式观察来了解其养老困境的表现及成因。研究发现,智障者及监护人面临的养老困境包括:医疗服务需求满足不充分、融入社会困难、监护人日常照护压力大、“双养”需求无法得到满足以及智障者未来安置计划缺失。个人异质性、公共设施差异性和家庭内部分配导致智障者及其监护人需要更多的资源来弥补这些因素所导致的差异;而智障者及其监护人经济资源、社会资源和信息资源的不足限制了其选择功能性活动的自由,这些导致了其养老困境的产生。基于此,本文提出健全残障者养老服务制度、加强对智障者及监护人经济支持和完善智障者及监护人社会服务支持等建议,以实现“老有所养、弱有所扶”和“全面建成小康社会,残疾人一个也不能少”的目标。The old-age problem of the disabled is more complicated than that of the general elderly,especially the intellectual disabilities and their guardians are faced with more difficulties.Based on Amartya Sen’s theory of capability,this paper has conducted semi-structured interviews and participatory observation on 12 guardians of the intellectual disabilities in Xi’an to understand the manifestations and causes of their endowment dilemma.The study shows that the endowment dilemma faced by the intellectual disabilities and their guardians include:inadequate supplies of medical service supplies,the difficulties in social integration,the pressure of daily care for guardians,failure to meet the needs of“dual support”and the lack of future resettlement plans for the intellectual disabilities.Individual heterogeneity,differences in public facilities and intra-family distribution lead to more resources needed by intellectual disabilities and their guardians to compensate for the differences caused by these factors.The lack of economic resources,social resources and information resources of the intellectual disabilities and their guardians limit their freedom to choose functional activities,which lead to their old-age dilemma.Based on this,the author of this paper proposes that it is important to improve the elderly service system for the disabled,strengthen the economic support,and improve the social service support,so as to achieve the goals of“supporting the elderly and the weak”and“building a moderately prosperous society in an all-round way,and every disabled person should be taken care of”.

关 键 词：智障者 监护人 养老困境 形成机制 质性研究 

分 类 号：D619[政治法律—政治学]