播期对冀西北寒旱区燕麦田杂草种群变化与饲草产量的影响  

Effects of Sowing Date on Weed Community Change and Forage Yield in Oat Field in Cold and Arid Region of Northwest Hebei

作　　者：杜玉贤 陈丽雪 王丽宏[1] 张继宗[1] 张立峰[1] 刘玉华 边秀举[1] DU Yu-xian;CHEN Li-xue;WANG Li-hong;ZHANG Ji-zong;ZHANG Li-feng;LIU Yu-hua;BIAN Xiu-ju(College of Agronomy,Hebei Agricultural University/Key Laboratory of Crop Growth Regulation of Hebei Province,Baoding 071001,China)

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学农学院/河北省作物生长调控实验室,河北保定071001

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2021年第6期55-59,共5页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省现代农业产业技术体系草业创新团队专项(HBCT2018160203)。

摘　　要：为了明确播期对燕麦田杂草种群变化以及燕麦草生产的影响,在冀西北寒旱区的砂质栗钙土农田,研究了不同播期(5月24日、6月8日、6月23日)对燕麦田杂草密度、优势杂草种类、杂草多样性以及杂草和燕麦生物量的影响。结果表明:5月24日播种与6月8日播种处理的燕麦田杂草密度始终差异不显著,晚播后燕麦田杂草密度明显降低。播期显著影响燕麦田杂草的群落结构,早播的燕麦田杂草以喜凉的灰绿藜为主,随着播期推迟,相对喜温的苋菜以及狗尾草、小画眉草和稗草等禾本科杂草成为优势种。早播和晚播的燕麦田植物群落Shannon多样性指数、Simpson多样性指数、Pielou均匀度指数和Margalef物种丰富度指数有降低趋势。在燕麦最适刈割期抽穗后第10~20天,5月24日和6月8日播种的燕麦生物量均高于6月23日播种。对杂草群落结构、杂草生物量和燕麦产量进行综合分析发现,在冀西北寒旱区燕麦适当早播在一定程度上有利于抑制田间杂草,提高饲草产量。In order to clarify the effect of sowing date on weed population change and oat grass production in oat field,the effects of different sowing dates(May 24th,June 8th and June 23th)on weed density,dominant weed species,weed diversity,weed and oat biomass were studied in sandy chestnut soil farmland in cold and arid area of northwest Hebei.The results showed that there was no significant difference in weed density between sowing on May 24th and June 8th,and the weed density decreased significantly after late sowing.The sowing date significantly affected the weed community structure in oat field.The weeds in early sowing oat field were mainly cool gray green quinoa.With the delay of sowing date,amaranth and gramineous weeds such as green bristlegrass,thrush grass and barnyard grass became the dominant species.The Shannon diversity index,Simpson diversity index,Pielou evenness index and Margalef species richness index of plant communities in early and late sowing oat fields decreased.The biomass of oats sown on May 24th and June 8th was higher than that sown on June 23th.Through the comprehensive analysis of weed community structure,weed biomass and oat yield,it was found that proper early sowing of oats in the cold and arid area of northwest Hebei was beneficial to restrain field weeds and improve forage yield to a certain extent.

关 键 词：燕麦 播期 杂草 饲草产量 

分 类 号：S512.6[农业科学—作物学]