腐植酸肥料对滨海盐碱地土壤性状及番茄生长和品质的影响  

Effects of Humic Acid Fertilizers on Soil Properties and Tomato Growth Quality in Coastal Saline Alkaline Soil

作　　者：丁守鹏 张国新[1] 姚玉涛[1] 孙叶烁 丁冯洁 DING Shou-peng;ZHANG Guo-xin;YAO Yu-tao;SUN Ye-shuo;DING Feng-jie(Institute of Coastal Agriculture,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences/Hebei Engineering Technology Research Center of Saline Alkali Land Greening/Tangshan Key Laboratory of Plant Salt Tolerance Research,Tangshan 063200,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院滨海农业研究所/河北省盐碱地绿化工程技术研究中心/唐山市植物耐盐研究重点实验室,河北唐山063200

出　　处：《河北农业科学》2021年第6期65-70,共6页Journal of Hebei Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：河北省农林科学院创新工程项目(2019-1-6-4);河北省重点研发计划项目(20326910D)。

摘　　要：为了明确腐植酸肥料在滨海盐碱地上的应用效果,以番茄品种纽内姆1618为试材,在番茄移栽前整地时一次性施入腐植酸肥料,试验腐植酸肥料有腐植酸原粉、硝基腐植酸和黄腐酸钾3种,施用量均设600和1200 kg/hm^(2)计2个水平,以不施腐植酸肥料处理为对照(CK),研究了不同肥料处理对土壤理化性质以及番茄生长、产量和品质的影响。结果表明:施用3种腐植酸肥料均可显著降低土壤含盐量,降幅为18.3%~32.2%;提高土壤养分含量,其中硝基腐植酸处理可显著提高土壤碱解氮含量11.9%~13.3%,腐植酸原粉处理可显著提高土壤速效磷含量11.2%~16.7%,黄腐酸钾处理可显著提高土壤速效钾含量15.1%~28.8%,腐植酸原粉和硝基腐植酸处理可显著提高土壤有机质含量24.0%~46.7%;增加番茄茎粗、叶片SPAD值、地上部鲜重和地下部鲜重,增幅分别为3.2%~15.8%、5.2%~18.0%、10.2%~27.7%和13.4%~25.7%;黄腐酸钾处理可显著提高番茄产量以及可溶性固形物含量、Vc含量、可溶性糖含量和糖酸比,增幅分别为23.1%~26.2%、6.7%~12.8%、9.2%~30.4%、55.0%~87.8%和47.7%~54.7%。综合分析认为,施入黄腐酸钾600 kg/hm^(2)对改善土壤性状,促进番茄生长,提高果实产量和品质效果较好。In order to clarify the application effect of humic acid fertilizer on coastal saline alkali land,tomato variety Newnem 1618 was used as test material.Humic acid fertilizer was applied at one time during land preparation before tomato transplanting.There were three kinds of humic acid fertilizers:humic acid raw powder,nitrohumic acid and potassium fulvic acid.The application rates were set at two levels of 600 and 1200 kg/hm^(2).The effects of different fertilizer treatments on soil physical and chemical properties and tomato growth,yield and quality were studied.The results showed that the application of three kinds of humic acid fertilizers could significantly reduce the soil salt content,with a decrease range of 18.3%-32.2%.The soil nutrients contents increased with the application of three kinds of humic acid fertilizers,the nitrohumic acid could signi ficantly increase the content of soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen by 11.9%-13.3%,the humic acid raw powder could significantly increase the content of soil available phosphorus by 11.2%-16.7%,the potassium fulvic acid could significantly increase the content of soil available potassium by 15.1%-28.8%,and the humic acid and nitrohumic acid could significantly increase the content of soil organic matter by 24.0%-46.7%.The stem diameter,leaf SPAD value,aboveground fresh weight and underground fresh weight of tomato increased by 3.2%-15.8%,5.2%-18.0%,10.2%-27.7%and 13.4%-25.7%respectively with the application of three kinds of humic acid fer tilizers.The potassium fulvic acid could significantly increase tomato yield,soluble solid content,Vc content,soluble sugar content and sugar acid ratio,with an increase of 23.1%-26.2%,6.7%-12.8%,9.2%-30.4%,55.0%-87.8%and 47.7%~54.7%,respectively.The comprehensive analysis showed that 600 kg/hm^(2)potassium fulvic acid had a good effect on improving soil properties,promoting tomato growth,and increasing fruit yield and quality.

关 键 词：滨海盐碱地 设施番茄 腐植酸 土壤理化性质 产量 品质 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]