晋西北丘陵风沙区50年林龄人工柠条林植被群落及其土壤特性变化  

Changes of Vegetation Community and Soil Characteristics of 50 Years Old Artificial Caragana korshinskii in Sandy-hilly Region of Northwest Shanxi Province

作　　者：刘婧 缑倩倩 王国华[1,2,3] 赵峰侠 唐学娟[1] LIU Jing;GOU Qianqian;WANG Guohua;ZHAO Fengxia;TANG Xuejuan(College of Geographical Sciences,Shanxi Normal University,Linfen,Shanxi 030000;Linze Inland River Basin Research Station of China Ecosystem Research Network,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Lanzhou 730000;Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification,Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources,Chinese Academy of Science,Lanzhou 730010)

机构地区：[1]山西师范大学地理科学学院,山西临汾030000 [2]中国科学院西北资源与环境研究院中国生态系统研究网络临泽内陆河流域研究站,兰州730000 [3]中国科学院西北资源与环境研究院沙漠与沙漠化重点实验室,兰州730010

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2022年第1期219-230,共12页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41807518,42171033);山西省高等学校科技创新项目(2019L0457,2019L0463);中国科学院沙漠和沙漠化重点实验室开放基金项目(KLDD-2020-05)。

摘　　要：为探究晋西北丘陵风沙区50年林龄人工柠条林植被群落特征及土壤环境因子的变化规律。在0(撂荒地),12,18,40,50年的时间序列上,分析柠条生长性状、土壤含水量、土壤养分及植物群落特征等变化动态。结果表明:(1)随着人工柠条林种植年限的增加,柠条盖度和株高在时间梯度上显著增加,具体表现为,种植后期(40~50年)的柠条盖度是种植前期(0~12年)的1.98倍,柠条株高在种植后期(40~50年)是种植前期(0~12年)的1.48倍;柠条密度随种植年限的增加而显著降低,从种植前期(0~12年)的0.35株/m^(2)减少到种植后期(40~50年)的0.11株/m^(2)。(2)土壤环境因子随着人工柠条林种植年限的增加而逐渐恢复,表现为土壤有机碳、pH、土壤速效氮和速效钾在时间梯度上的增加,土壤含水量、含盐量和土壤速效磷呈下降趋势。其中0—20 cm表层土壤恢复程度高于20—100 cm的土壤。(3)在人工柠条林种植前期(0—12年),土壤养分恢复的速率明显低于人工柠条林种植中后期阶段(12~50年),灌丛对土壤表层(0—20 cm)养分有明显的富集效应,随着人工柠条林建立时间的延长,在种植后期(40~50年)时,“肥岛”面积向灌丛间扩展。(4)随着人工柠条林种植年限的增加,土壤环境改善,草本植物种类、数量显著增加,优势种也在变化,从种植前期(0~12年)以一年生先锋物种(米蒿和野燕麦)为优势种,演变为种植中后期(12~50年)以多年生草本(披碱草)为优势种。由于天然半灌木(铁杆蒿)入侵,简单的人工柠条林向复杂的灌草群落演变。(5)种植人工柠条林对土壤环境因子及群落多样性具有明显的促进作用,通过不同类型植物群落与土壤环境因子的RDA约束排序分析图可以看出,人工柠条林、一年生草本植物、多年生草本植物和天然半灌木与土壤环境因子(土壤含水量、土壤养分指标)呈显著的相关关系,不同类型植物群落与土壤环境因�In order to explore the changes of vegetation community characteristics and soil environmental factors in the 50 a plantation of Caragana korshinskii in the sqndy-hilly area of northwest Shanxi Province,the changes of growth characteristics,soil water content,soil nutrients and plant community characteristics of C.korshinskii were analyzed in 0(abandoned land),12,18,40 and 50 years.The results showed that:(1)With the increase of planting years of artificial C.korshinskii forest,the coverage and height of C.korshinskii increased significantly in the time gradient.Specifically,the coverage of C.korshinskii in the late planting period(40~50 years)was 1.98 times of that in the early planting period(0~12 years),while the height was 1.48 times of that in the early planting period(0~12 years).However,the density of C.korshinskii decreased significantly with the increase of planting years,from 0.35 plants/m^(2) in the early planting period(0~12 years)to 0.11 plants/m^(2) in the late planting period(40~50 years).(2)Soil environmental factors gradually recovered with the increase of planting years of artificial C.korshinskii forest,which showed that the SOC,pH,AN,and AK increased on the time gradient,and the SW,SS,and AP decreased.The restoration degree of 0—20 cm surface soil was higher than that of 20—100 cm soil.(3)In the early stage(0~12 years),the recovery rate of soil nutrients was significantly lower than that in the middle and late stage(12~50 years).The shrub had a significant enrichment effect on soil nutrients(0—20 cm).With the extension of the establishment time of the plantation,during the late planting period(40~50 years),the area of islands of fertility extended to the shrub.(4)With the increase of planting years in artificial C.korshinskii forest,the soil environment improved,the species and quantity of herbaceous plants increased significantly,and the dominant species also changed,from the pioneer annual species(Artemisia dalai-lamae and Avena fatua)as the dominant species in the early planting perio

关 键 词：晋西北丘陵风沙区 柠条林 植物群落 土壤性状 冗余分析 

分 类 号：S714.2[农业科学—林学]