河套灌区农田防护林网内土壤季节性冻融过程及水盐运移  

The Seasonal Freezing and Thawing Process of the Soil and the Characteristics of Water and Salt Transport in the Farmland Shelter Forest Net in the Hetao Irrigation District

作　　者：郝可心 肖辉杰[1] 辛智鸣 王百田[1] 曹琪琪[1] HAO Kexin;XIAO Huijie;XIN Zhiming;WANG Baitian;CAO Qiqi(School of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,Beijing 100083;Inner Mongolia Dengkou Desert Ecosystem National Orientation Observation and Research Station,Dengkou,Inner Mongolia 015203)

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学水土保持学院,北京100083 [2]内蒙古磴口荒漠生态系统国家定位观测研究站,内蒙古磴口015203

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2022年第1期231-237,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31870706)。

摘　　要：为了解内蒙古河套灌区农田防护林内冻融期土壤水盐状况及运移规律,在2020年10月至2021年4月实测土壤水分、盐分、温度及相关气象数据,并进行相关分析。结果表明:土体表层温度波动较大,随土层深度加深土体温度变化逐渐平缓。冻结期气温下降速率低于消融期气温回升速率,加之土壤温度变化的滞后性,冻结期比消融期长10天左右。季节性冻融冻结作用导致表层土壤含水量升高、深层含水量降低,消融解冻时期,土壤含水量逐渐降低。两侧林带农田边缘(0.3 H、4 H)土壤表层含水量相比农田内部(1 H、2 H、3 H)含水量低,近林带土壤含水率较小的现象随土层加深逐渐消失,在100 cm土层距离林带不同距离土壤含水率几乎没有差别。经过冻融过程土体盐分含量呈现增高态势,土壤冻结导致盐分在各个土层出现聚积,且不断积累,消融时融解层土壤盐分向地表汇聚,同时深层土壤出现一定程度盐分流失现象。近林带农田土壤盐分积聚程度强于远林带。土壤水盐运移基本呈显著相关,同时土壤盐分变异性大于土壤水分变异性,说明土壤盐分的运移过程更为复杂。研究结果揭示了冻融期防护林网内农田土壤水盐运移规律,为灌区防护林内农业发展提供了基础理论依据。To understand the status of soil water and salt and its migration laws during the freezing and thawing period in the farmland shelter forest in the Hetao Irrigation District of Inner Mongolia,the soil moisture,salinity,temperature and related meteorological data were measured and analyzed from October 2020 to April 2021.The results showed that the surface soil temperature changed significantly,and leveled off as the increasing soil depths.The rate of temperature decrease during the freezing period was greater than the rate of temperature rise during the thawing period.Considering the hysteresis of soil temperature changes,the freezing period was about 10 days shorter than the thawing period.Seasonal freezing caused the increased water content in the surface soil,and the dereased soil water content in the deep layer.During the thawing period,the soil water content gradually decreased.The surface soil water content in the farmland edges(0.3 H,4 H)of the forest belts on both sides was smaller than that of farmland(1 H,2 H,3 H).The phenomenon of low soil water content in forest belts gradually disappeared with the deepening of soil layers.There was almost no difference in soil water content at different distances from the forest belt in 100 cm soil layer.During the freezing and thawing period,the salt content in soil increased.Soil freezing caused salt to accumulate in various soil layers.During the thawing,soil salt accumulated to the surface layer,and salt reduced in the deep soil.The degree of soil salt accumulation in farmland near forest belt was stronger than that in far forest belt.The transports of water and salt in soil basically showed a significant correlations,and the variability of salt was greater than that of water,indicating that the process of salt transport was more complicated.The results of this study revealed the law of soil water and salt movement in the farmland within the protection forest during the freezing and thawing period,and could provide a basic theoretical basis for agriculture in the

关 键 词：季节性冻融 温度 土壤水盐 农田防护林 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] S152.8[农业科学—农业基础科学]