从脉络论到功能论:马林诺夫斯基的文化理论研究  

The Research on Malinowski’s Cultural Theory:from Context Theory to Function Theory

作　　者：崔海洋 孔丽  CUI Haiyang;KONG Li;CHUN Kyungsoo(College of History and Ethnic Cultrue,Guizhou University,Guiyang,Guizhou,China,550025)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学历史与民族文化学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《贵州大学学报（社会科学版）》2022年第1期115-124,共10页Journal of Guizhou University(Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学一般项目“西南少数民族古村落演变机理及发展模式研究”(18BMZ070)。

摘　　要：作为马林诺夫斯基重要贡献之一的功能主义,是其文化理论的一部分,也是马氏文化脉络转变的重要体现。本文试图回归马氏著作本身,重新讨论马氏文化理论的形成过程。通过研究认为,马氏文化理论的学理意义在于,从研究"他者的人类学"转变为构建"我的人类学",这一转变过程是在他撰写民俗志时所体现的从脉络论到功能论的过程中形成的。从中可以发现,马氏在早期选择了"脉络论",主要用于理解原住民的文化;而后期则选中"功能论",用于分析民俗志现象,两者共同构成了马氏人类学方法论的精髓。Functionalism, as one of the important contributions of Malinowski, is not only a part of his cultural theory, but also an important manifestation of the transformation of Malinowski’s cultural context.This paper attempts to return to his original works and re-discuss the formation process of his cultural theory.According to the research, the theoretical significance of Malinowski’s cultural theory lies in the transformation from the study of "anthropology of the other" to the construction of "my anthropology".This transformation process was formed in the process from context theory to function theory reflected in his writing of folk records.It can be found that he chose the "context theory" in the early stage, which was mainly used to understand the culture of indigenous peoples, while in the later period, "function theory" was selected to analyze the phenomenon of folklore, and both constitute the essence of Malinowski’s anthropological methodology.

关 键 词：马氏文化理论 脉络论 功能论 

分 类 号：C912.4[经济管理]