中国紫苏籽粒性状及对品质产量的影响分析  

Analysis of Grain Characteristics and Their Effects on Quality and Yield of Perilla frutescens

作　　者：商志伟[1] 杨仕梅 张天缘 徐静[1] 王仙萍[1] 温贺[1] 杨森[1] 张恒 田飞 张品 王文华[1] 沈奇[1,2] SHANG Zhiwei;YANG Shimei;ZHANG Tianyuan;XU Jing;WANG Xianping;WEN He;YANG Sen;ZHANG Heng;TIAN Fei;ZHANG Pin;WANG Wenhua;Shen Qi(Rapeseed Research Institute,Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guiyang 550008,China;The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region(Ministry of Education),Guizhou Key Lab of Agro-Bioengineering,Instituteof Agro-Bioengineeringand College of Life Sciences,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550008,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院油菜研究所,贵阳550008 [2]贵州大学生命科学学院,山地植物资源保护与种质创新省部共建教育部重点实验室,贵阳550025

出　　处：《种子》2021年第12期61-67,74,F0002,共9页Seed

基　　金：贵州省科研机构创新能力建设专项“贵州紫苏品种创制应用与油脂深加工创新能力建设”(黔科合服企[2021]13号);全基因组关联分析发掘紫苏种子油脂合成及调控的优异等位变异及关键基因(国家自然科学基金31860391);贵州省科技支撑计划项目“山地特色紫苏增值关键技术研究”(黔科合支撑[2019]2400);贵州特色植物种质资源利用与创新人才基地(RCJD 2018-14);紫苏α-亚麻酸形成关键基因定位及功能研究(黔科合平台人才[2019]5656号);紫苏饼粕饲料对供试鱼类长势及肉质的影响(黔农科院青年基金[2019]28号);油菜(料)资源收集、保存与创制利用(黔农科院种质资源[2021]09号)。

摘　　要：为了明确紫苏籽粒表型性状与其分类、品质产量间的相关性,为紫苏资源开发及品种选育提供依据,对431份中国紫苏的籽粒形态特征(大小、千粒重、颜色、脊纹、硬度),品质(含油量及亚麻酸)及产量进行考察及分析。结果表明,供试6个指标变异系数从大到小分别为单株产量、千粒重、硬度、含油量、籽粒大小、α-亚麻酸含量。相关性分析表明籽粒千粒重、大小、硬度与籽粒含油量品质相关性较高。产量与品质性状也表现为显著正相关。通过籽粒特征进行的聚类分析可以有效的对材料进行分类利用。籽粒特征聚类与种质分类有一定的联系,但是种质来源地点与籽粒特征聚类联系不大。主成分分析表明,千粒重、种子大小、含油量及单株产量指向相近。以上分析表明可以采用籽粒表型指标作为品质育种的初判指标,且在育种中可选择兼顾大粒、高油及高产的选育目标。To clarify the correlation between seed phenotypic traits and its classification, quality and yield of Perilla frutescens,and to provide basis for resource development and variety breeding of P. frutescens.The morphological characteristics(e.g.size, 1 000-grain weight, color, ridge and hardness),quality(e.g.oil content and linolenic acid) and yield of 431 P. frutescens were investigated and analyzed.The results showed that the variation coefficients of the six indexes were yield per plant, 1 000-grain weight, hardness, oil content, grain size and α-linolenic acid content in descending order.Correlation analysis showed that 1 000-grain weight, grain size and grain hardness were highly correlated with grain oil content while yield and quality traits also showed significant positive correlation.Cluster analysis based on grain characteristics could effectively classify and utilize materials.There was a certain correlation between seed feature clustering and germplasm classification, but there was little correlation between germplasm origin and seed feature clustering.Principal component analysis showed that 1 000-seed weight, seed size, oil content and yield per plant were similar.The above analysis indicated that the grain phenotypic index could be used as the primary evaluation index of quality breeding, and the breeding target of large grain, high oil and high yield could be selected in breeding.

关 键 词：紫苏 籽粒性状 品质 产量 聚类分析 

分 类 号：S567.219[农业科学—中草药栽培]