小麦辐射育种过程中辐射剂量的研究  

Study on Radiation Dose in Wheat Radiation Breeding

作　　者：李春盈 张建周[1] 齐建双[2] 刘明[1] LI Chunying;ZHANG Jianzhou;QI Jianshuang;LIU Ming(Wheat Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China;Cereal Crops Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Zhengzhou 450002,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院小麦研究所,郑州450002 [2]河南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所,郑州450002

出　　处：《种子》2021年第12期102-106,共5页Seed

基　　金：河南农业科学院自主创新基金项目(2021 ZC 05)。

摘　　要：辐射育种可以快速创新种质资源,既是对常规育种的重要补充,也是常规育种难以代替的育种途径。本研究参考前人的研究结果,通过研究两年不同剂量的辐射处理对稳定春性、弱春性和半冬性小麦品种的影响,探索适宜的辐射剂量。结果表明,通过对小麦辐射过程中剂量的研究,成功获得一批优良的小麦品系,且证实了不同的小麦稳定品种适宜辐射剂量存在差异。在确定不同小麦品种的适宜剂量时,既要考虑到环境因素对辐射的影响,更要考虑到不同品种对辐射的敏感性差异。建议初次辐射时直接给予大于300 Gy的辐射处理,其中对冬性品种的辐射剂量应在320 Gy以上,春性、弱春性品种在310 Gy左右。同时,可以将辐射后田间出苗率40%作为衡量辐射育种中辐射剂量是否可行的参考依据。Radiation breeding can rapidly innovate germplasm resources, which is not only an important supplement to conventional breeding, but also a new breeding approach that is difficult to be replaced by conventional breeding.In this study, the appropriate radiation dose for the stable wheat varieties with characteristics of spring, weak spring and half winter was explored by two-year radiation treatment of different radiation doses of combined with the previous research results.The results showed that a batch of excellent wheat lines were successfully obtained through the study of radiation dose in wheat, and it was confirmed that the suitable radiation dose of different stable varieties was different.In determining the appropriate dose for different wheat varieties, the influence of environmental factors on radiation and the difference of radiation sensitivity of different wheat varieties should be taken into account.It is recommended to give radiation treatment of more than 300 Gy directly at the time of initial radiation, and the radiation dose of winter varieties should be more than 320 Gy, and that of spring and weak spring varieties should be about 310 Gy.At the same time, the field emergence rate of 40% can be used as a reference to evaluate the feasibility of radiation dose in radiation breeding.

关 键 词：小麦 辐射育种 CO-Γ射线 辐射剂量 变异 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]