烟草青枯病抑病型土壤中有益微生物的组成分析  

Composition analysis of beneficial microorganisms in disease-suppressive soils against tobacco bacterial wilt

作　　者：黎妍妍 李春黎 杨小琼 陈守文[2] 李锡宏 杨勇[2] LI Yanyan;LI Chunli;YANG Xiaoqiong;CHEN Shouwen;LI Xihong;YANG Yon(Tobacco Research Institute of Hubei Province,Wuhan 430030,China;School of Life Sciences,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北省烟草科学研究院,武汉市硚口区430030 [2]湖北大学生命科学学院,武汉市武昌区430062

出　　处：《烟草科技》2022年第1期9-16,共8页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：国家烟草专卖局重大专项项目“微生物群落影响烟草青枯病黑胫病发生的机制及调控技术研究”[110201901042(LS-05)]。

摘　　要：为挖掘烟草青枯病抑病型土壤有益微生物资源,通过大田试验分析了不同海拔高度抑病型和导病型土壤的微生物群落结构以及青枯菌、拮抗菌等的相对丰度。结果表明,与导病型土壤相比,烟草青枯病抑病型土壤中有益细菌门放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)、蓝藻门(Cyanobacteria)和有益真菌门接合菌门(Zygomycota)、壶菌门(Chytridiomycota)的相对丰度较高。在属水平上,抑病型土壤中一些有益微生物中慢生根瘤菌属(Mesorhizobium)、亚硝化螺菌属(Nitrosospira)等及拮抗微生物假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)、黄杆菌(Flavobacterium)、根瘤菌(Rhizobium)等细菌属和曲霉菌(Aspergillus)、木霉菌(Trichoderma)、漆斑菌(Myrothecium)等真菌属的相对丰度显著高于导病型土壤,其相对丰度与青枯病的发病率均存在显著负相关;而致病微生物劳尔氏菌属(Ralstonia)的相对丰度显著低于导病型土壤。因此,烟草青枯病抑病型土壤中含有丰富的拮抗微生物。In order to explore the beneficial microbial resources for disease-suppressive soils against tobacco bacterial wilt,field experiments were conducted to analyze the microbial community structure and the relative abundances of Ralstonia solanacearum and antagonistic bacteria in disease-suppressive soils and disease-conducive soils at different altitudes.The results showed that at phylum level,the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria(Actinobacteria,Firmicutes,Cyanobacteria)and beneficial fungi(Zygomycota,Chytridiomycota)in disease-suppressive soils were higher than those in disease-conducive soils.At genus level,the relative abundances of some beneficial microorganisms(Mesorhizobium,Nitrosospira)and antagonistic microorganisms(Pseudomonas,Flavobacterium,Rhizobium,Aspergillus,Trichoderma,Myrothecium)in disease-suppressive soils were significantly higher than those in disease-conducive soils,which all had obviously negative correlations with the incidence of bacterial wilt.However,the relative abundance of pathogenic microorganism(Ralstonia)in disease-suppressive soils was significantly lower than that in disease-conducive soils.To sum up,there were abundant antagonistic microorganisms in disease-suppressive soils against tobacco bacterial wilt.

关 键 词：抑病型土壤 青枯病 微生物组成 拮抗菌 

分 类 号：S432.41[农业科学—植物病理学]