河南烟区烟草根茎类病害调查及病原鉴定  

Pathogen identification of tobacco rhizomatic diseases in tobacco growing areas of Henan Province

作　　者：李小杰[1] 李琦 刘畅[1] 邱睿[1] 白静科 徐敏 李成军[1] 陈玉国[1] 姚晨虓 李淑君[1] LI Xiaojie;LI Qi;LIU Chang;QIU Rui;BAI Jingke;XU Min;LI Chengjun;CHEN Yuguo;YAO Chenxiao;LI Shujun(Key Laboratory for Green Preservation&Control of Tobacco Diseases and Pests in Huanghuai Tobacco Growing Area,Tobacco Research Institute,Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xuchang 461000,Henan,China;Henan Provincial Tobacco Company of CNTC,Zhengzhou 450018,China;Collage of Forestry,Henan University of Science&Technology,Luoyang 471023,Henan,China)

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院烟草研究所烟草行业黄淮烟区烟草病虫害绿色防控重点实验室,河南省许昌市461000 [2]中国烟草总公司河南省公司,郑州市450018 [3]河南科技大学林学院,河南省洛阳市471023

出　　处：《烟草科技》2022年第1期41-47,共7页Tobacco Science & Technology

基　　金：河南省烟草公司科技项目“河南省烟草主要病虫害预测预报及综合防治示范”(2020410000270011)和“河南烟草病虫害绿色防控关键技术研究与应用”(201741000027063)。

摘　　要：为明确病害发生分布及病原种类,对河南省11个烟叶产区烟草根茎类病害进行了普查,采集644份典型病害样本,通过综合形态学特性分析、分子鉴定及致病力测定对分离病原菌进行了鉴定。结果表明,镰刀菌属(Fusarium spp.)真菌的平均检出率最高,占52.60%,其次是疫霉菌(Phytophthora nicotianae)和立枯丝核菌(Rhizoctonia solani),平均检出率分别为27.94%和12.52%,由此引起的烟草根腐病、黑胫病和立枯病是河南烟区的主要根茎类病害。由拟茎点霉菌(Phomopsis sp.)引起的烟草茎枯病为烟草上的新病害,近年来在豫中和豫西部分烟区的发生率存在上升趋势。拟茎点霉菌在25℃培养条件下可产生小型分生孢子,能侵染烟株茎部和叶片,但不同菌株之间致病力存在显著差异。In order to clarify the occurrence,distribution and pathogen species of tobacco rhizomatic diseases,the rhizomatic diseases in 11 tobacco growing areas in Henan Province were investigated.A total of 644 typical disease samples were collected to identify the pathogens through morphological characteristics,molecular identification and pathogenicity test.The results showed that the average detection rate of Fusarium spp.was 52.60%,followed by those of Phytophthora nicotianae and Rhizoctonia solani at 27.94%and 12.52%respectively.Tobacco root rot,black shank and sore shin caused by them were the main rhizomatic diseases in Henan tobacco growing areas.Tobacco stalk blight caused by Phomopsis sp.was a new tobacco disease with an increasing incidence in central and western tobacco growing areas of Henan in recent years.Cultivated under the condition of 25℃,Phomopsis sp.could produce small conidia,which could infect stalks and leaves of tobacco plants,while the pathogenicities of different pathogenic strains differed significantly.

关 键 词：河南烟区 根茎类真菌病害 病原 拟茎点霉 致病性 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]