重金属和抗生素胁迫对亚硝酸盐氧化菌及硝化菌群活性的影响  

Effects of heavy metal and antibiotic stresses on the activity of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria and nitrifying bacteria flora

作　　者：刘步蟾 罗剑飞[1] 黄燊曦 尹昊 孙秋云 林炜铁[1] LIU Buchan;LUO Jianfei;HUANG Shenxi;YIN Hao;SUN Qiuyun;LIN Weitie(School of Biology and Biological Engineering,South China University of Technology,Guangzhou 510006,China)

机构地区：[1]华南理工大学生物科学与工程学院,广州510006

出　　处：《环境工程学报》2021年第11期3686-3695,共10页Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41977034)。

摘　　要：重金属和抗生素广泛存在工业废水、养殖水体中,对硝化细菌活性有不同程度的影响。为研究重金属和抗生素胁迫对亚硝酸盐氧化菌(nitrite-oxidizing bacteria,NOB)及硝化菌群活性的影响,采集珠江水样富集硝化菌群并分离纯化NOB,研究了不同浓度重金属离子(Cu^(2+)、Zn^(2+)、Cd^(2+)、Mn^(2+)、Cr^(6+))和抗生素(卡那霉素、氨苄青霉素、链霉素、盐酸四环素)对NOB亚硝酸盐氧化活性的影响,揭示了不同重金属和抗生素胁迫对NOB及硝化菌群富集物活性的影响。结果表明:第15代富集培养的硝化菌群中Nitrosomonas丰度由0.11%升高至10.04%,Nitrobacter丰度由0.014%上升到2.104%;经鉴定,分离纯化的NOB菌株与Nitrobacter winogradskyi相似性为99.58%;NOB的亚硝酸盐氧化活性随重金属离子、抗生素浓度升高而下降;在初始NOB量相等情况下,与NOB组相比,硝化菌群富集物实验组在重金属或抗生素胁迫下,亚硝酸盐氧化速率更快,稳定性更高,对重金属和抗生素的抗逆性更强,对于处理含氮废水的实际应用潜力更大。该研究结果可为NOB的研究和在工业、养殖业水体净化的开发应用提供参考。Heavy metals and antibiotics are widely distributed in industrial wastewater and aquaculture water,which have varying degrees of impact on the activity of nitrifying bacteria.In order to study the effects of heavy metals and antibiotics on the nitrite oxidation of nitrite-oxidizing bacteria(NOB)and nitrifying bacteria flora,water sample of the Pearl River was collected to enrich and cultivate nitrifying bacteria flora and isolate NOB,then the effects of different concentrations of heavy metal ions(Cu^(2+),Zn^(2+),Cd^(2+),Mn^(2+),Cr^(6+))and antibiotics(kanamycin,ampicillin,streptomycin and tetracycline hydrochloride)on the nitrite oxidation activity of NOB were studied to reveal the effects of heavy metals and antibiotics stresses on the activities of nitrifying bacteria flora and NOB.The results showed that the abundance of Nitrosomonas in the nitrifying bacteria flora after the15 th times enrichment increased from 0.11%to 10.04%,and the abundance of Nitrobacter increased from0.014%to 2.104%.The isolated and purified NOB was closely related to Nitrobacter winogradskyi,showing a similarity of 99.58%.The nitrite oxidation activity of NOB decreased with the increase of the concentration of heavy metal ions and antibiotics;in comparison with NOB,the nitrifying bacteria flora under the stress of heavy metals and antibiotics had a higher nitrite oxidation rate,more stable and stronger stress resistance to heavy metals and antibiotics,which indicates it has a greater potential on the practical application in nitrogenous wastewater treatment.The results provide a theoretical reference for the research of NOB and its development and application in industry and aquaculture water purification.

关 键 词：亚硝酸盐氧化细菌 硝化菌群 重金属 抗生素 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]